建築產業佔全球溫室氣體排放總量30%，未來建築產業發展顯然將成為減少全球碳排放的關鍵因素，台灣也提出2050年將溫室氣體排放降至2005年的50%，而目前住宅部門卻沒有明顯的減碳趨勢。以建築生命週期來說，日常使用的碳排與經濟成本佔生命週期最大的比例。一般來說，計算新建建築物生命週期時會極為重視使用階段的碳排，而更替部分構造或者材料時卻極少考慮使用階段的影響。此外，大量研究表明外殼改善策略可以顯著減少生命週期碳排量，且同時減少生命週期成本，但較難以採用法規強制推動，目前大多以補助與提供節能改善諮詢服務辦理。因此，本研究希望藉由生命週期碳排放量與成本的分析，提出兼顧建築成本的既有住宅外殼翻修減碳策略建議。同時，分析碳排放量與成本的相對關係，提供政策經濟補助的參考。
本研究以台灣常見RC構造的連棟住宅為研究對象，針對外牆系統、玻璃及屋頂之建築構法對於使用階段碳排之影響，並進行以生命週期評估（Life Cycle Assessment，LCA）與成本評估。碳排放量的計算採用低碳建築聯盟與SimaPro的資料庫，使用期間耗能量以動態耗能模擬軟體EnergyPlus進行分析，而成本的計算則採用實際市場價格調查方式。研究分為單一構法評估、組合構法評估以及減碳成本係數三個部分進行討論。單一構法評估部分，比較外殼構法在北、中、南氣候區，四種建築朝向的排碳與成本特徵。結果顯示，屋頂構法的排碳量受氣候區影響較大，越靠近南部，會偏向選擇有添加隔熱材料的屋頂構法。外牆與玻璃材料受建築朝向影響及較大，在東西朝向排碳成本較低。其中，外牆翻修成本較高而減碳效果較低，翻修時可優先考量建造成本較低之外牆構法。
組合構法評估部分，結果顯示依據建築朝向與氣候區選用合適的構法組合可以同時減少大約4%～8%成本與排碳量，且中、南部氣候區減少比例明顯大於北部氣候區。減碳成本係數部分為以降低排碳成本評估方法的成本佔比，突出減碳之重要性，計算其成本所需調整之比例。在本研究不同氣候區、建築朝向的模擬中，排碳成本最佳之方案會依據建築朝向、氣候區有所不同，而減碳量最佳之方案都為冰漆屋頂、添加隔熱材料之外牆並搭配透明離線反射玻璃。

In terms of building life cycle, carbon emission and economic cost account for the largest proportion of the life cycle during the use stage. Generally speaking, the carbon emission in the use stage is very important when calculating the life cycle of a new building, while the influence of the use stage is rarely considered when replacing some constructions or materials.Nowadays, many studies pointed out that the improvement of the shell of existing buildings was effective strategy to achieve carbon reduction but difficult to promote through the laws. The purpose of this study is to put forward various carbon reduction benefits assessments of shell renovation methods through the analysis of life cycle carbon emissions and costs. In addition to provide a reference amount of policy subsidies through the relative relationship between carbon emissions and cost.
In this research, a RC row house was selected to study on the impact of the replacement of the exterior walls, glasses and roofs. The calculation of carbon emissions used the database of the Low Carbon Building Alliance and SimaPro. The energy consumption during use stage was analyzed by the EnergyPlus, and the cost was calculated by the actual market price. First, the sensitivity analysis of the single construction method was performed to confirm the carbon emission and cost changes of the shell construction method in different climatic regions and building orientations. Then, the combined construction methods were conducted. As a result, the carbon emission of the roof construction method was greatly affected by the climate zone.
Costs and carbon emissions can reduce about 4% to 8% at the same time when choosing a suitable strategy, and the reduction rate of the central and southern climate zones were greater than that of the northern. In addition, the reduction ratio of the central and southern climate regions was significantly greater than that of the northern climate regions. The reduction coefficient is to reduce the cost proportion of carbon emission cost evaluation method, highlight the importance of carbon reduction, and calculate the proportion of cost adjustment. In all cases, the best way to reduce carbon is to use ice paint roof, external wall with thermal insulation material and transparent off-line reflective glass.

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