後方撞擊為道路交通事故中常見的碰撞型態之一，雖其致死率相對較低，但乘員頸部傷害之發生比例仍相當高。撞擊過程中，座椅將車體負載傳遞至乘員軀幹，而頭部因慣性作用產生相對滯後，使頭部與軀幹間形成明顯的相對運動，進而增加頸部傷害風險。因此，本研究由座椅與車體間之能量傳遞路徑進行改善，設計出一套可安裝於現有汽車座椅之吸能裝置，以降低後方撞擊時傳遞至乘員之頸部傷害。
本研究以既有汽車座椅有限元素模型與BioRID II 後撞碰撞人偶模型為基礎，將由摩擦式阻尼器與機械式避震器組成之吸能裝置配置於座椅與滑台之間。摩擦式阻尼器用以建立作動門檻並透過滑移耗散撞擊能量，機械式避震器則用以控制座椅滑移速度與回彈反應。模擬條件參考Euro NCAP後方撞擊動態測試流程，分別建立中嚴重度與高嚴重度撞擊條件，比較有無安裝吸能裝置時之座椅動態反應、能量變化與乘員頸部傷害指標。
模擬結果顯示，安裝吸能裝置後，中嚴重度與高嚴重度撞擊之座椅動能峰值分別降低22.15%與27.89%，NIC分別降低27.9%與11.6%，Nkm則分別降低24.4%與10.3%。Euro NCAP後方撞擊動態評分亦由2.186分提升至2.588分。綜合結果顯示，所提出之吸能裝置可藉由受控滑移與阻尼作用降低部分撞擊能量傳遞，並改善乘員頭頸部動態反應與多數頸部傷害指標，顯示其具有提升現有汽車座椅後方撞擊乘員保護性能之潛力。

Rear-impact collisions are common traffic accidents and frequently result in neck injuries.During a rear impact, the seat transfers vehicle-induced loads to the occupant’s torso,while the head lags behind because of inertia, producing relative motion between the head and torso. This study proposes an energy-absorbing device that can be integrated into an existing automotive seat to reduce the dynamic loading transmitted to the occupant.
An existing automotive seat finite element model and a BioRID II rear-impact dummy model were used. The proposed device consists of a friction damper and a mechanical shock absorber installed between the seat and the sled. The friction damper provides an activation threshold and dissipates impact energy through controlled sliding, while the shock absorber controls seat sliding velocity and rebound. Rear-impact simulations were conducted under medium- and high-severity conditions based on the Euro NCAP rear impact dynamic test procedure.
The results showed that peak seat kinetic energy decreased by 22.15% and 27.89% under the medium- and high-severity conditions, respectively. NIC decreased by 27.9% and 11.6%, while Nkm decreased by 24.4% and 10.3%. The Euro NCAP rear-impact dynamic assessment score increased from 2.186 to 2.588. These results indicate that the proposed device can reduce impact-energy transmission and improve most neck injury indicators, demonstrating its potential to enhance rear-impact occupant protection in existing automotive seats.

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