| 研究生: |
林庭慈 Lin, Ting-Cih |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
預立醫療自主計畫之代間溝通 Intergenerational communication about advance care planning |
| 指導教授: |
范聖育
Fan, Sheng-Yu |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
醫學院 - 老年學研究所 Institute of Gerontology |
| 論文出版年: | 2020 |
| 畢業學年度: | 108 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 38 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 預立醫療自主計畫 、代間溝通 、病人自主權利法 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Advance care planning, Intergenerational communication, Patient right to autonomy act |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:103 下載:0 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
研究背景與目的
醫療進步讓人類的壽命延長,也讓死亡的情境越來越複雜。人們需要為死亡做準備,也包括與家人談論死亡相關的決定。目前政府推動預立醫療自主計畫(Advance Care Planning, ACP),希望民眾可以及早思考、與家人討論,做出符合自己意願的醫療選擇並讓家人知道決定。本研究目的為探索高齡者面對死亡時,在預立醫療自主計畫的決策考量,及其與子女討論的影響因素。
研究設計與方法
使用半結構式訪談及配對之質性研究法。研究對象為年滿 65 歲高齡者與其成年子女,採方便取樣,於樂齡中心、教會、社區活動中心收案。對高齡者的訪談大綱:(1)自己的預立醫囑的決定和準備內容,(2)與子女溝通的情形和考量,以及(3)期望孩子跟自己討論生死議題時的態度。對子女的訪談大綱:(1)對父母可能的決定和態度之理解,(2)與父母討論的情形和考量,以及(3)代間討論生死議題的態度。先訪問高齡者,再訪問其子女。訪談過程以錄音方式紀錄,以主題分析法進行資料分析。
研究結果
在九組個案訪談中,高齡者的結果呈現出四個主題:對善終的期待、不想增加他人負擔、溝通的基礎和引發事件、溝通的阻礙。(1)對善終的期待包含怕身體上的皮肉痛、不想多承受痛苦、希望順其自然地走、有尊嚴的活著或離開。(2)不想成為他人負擔,包含不想麻煩人、不想連累孩子、不想造成財務負擔,以及考慮活著的人的感受。(3)溝通的基礎和引發事件的主題,一為是否有信任的關係可以對話;另一是有沒有事件可以開啟討論的話題。(4)溝通的阻礙,一部分是高齡者本身沒有意願討論,另一部分是高齡者本身有意願討論,但不知如何開口與在等待適合的時機。
子女的結果呈現三個主題:對父母決定和態度的理解、協助討論的助力、沒有討論的阻力。(1)對父母決定和態度的理解包含如何得知與知道多深入。(2)協助討論的助力包含父母親本身對生死話題的主動性和開放程度、父母親持續保持社交接受新知、信仰對生死的觀念以及親子關係。(3)雙方討論的阻力來自父母不願意談以及孩子在考量如何談。
結論
本研究發現,在預立醫療自主計畫的決策和準備,夾雜內在個人與外在他人的考量因素,而代間在生死議題的討論,需要建立信任與親密關係來克服溝通的阻礙。透過了解代間討論此議題的想法,父母本身決策的考量和子女對父母決策的想法,可促進雙方達成共識以及做出符合個人意願的決策。
The aims of this study were to explore the decision-making process and considerations of older people in advance care planning (ACP), and the concerns about communication of ACP issues between older people and their children. A qualitative research with paired study design was conducted. Aged 65 older adults and their adult children were recruited through convenient sampling from senior centers, churches, and community activity centers. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used for data collection. The interview processes were recorded, and the principles of thematic analysis were used to analyze the data. Nine pairs of case were recruited. The results of the older people included four themes: expectations for a good death, don’t want to be a burden to others, the basis of communication and the open events, and communication barriers. The results of the children presented three themes: the understanding of parents’ decisions and attitudes, the pushes of discussion, and the obstacles of discussion. Through understanding the considerations of intergenerational discussion, the results can facilitate the communication between older people and children, as well as the decision-making of ACP.
參考文獻
一、中文文獻
中國哲學書電子化計劃。2018年6月22日,取自https://ctext.org/shang-shu/ great-plan/zh
王雲東(2007)。社會研究方法:量化與質性取向及其應用。臺北:威仕曼文化。
王淑貞、范聖育、章淑娟、張智容、王英偉(2013)。推動預立醫療自主計畫之宣導-初探。安寧療護雜誌,18(2),129-141。
行政院衛生福利部。106年10月衛生福利部新聞。(2017年10月20日):取自https://www.mohw.gov.tw/fp-3567-37807-1.html
辛幸珍(2006)。以家庭為中心之價值觀對老年末期醫療抉擇之影響:比較台灣年老者與紐西蘭老人之觀點。台灣醫學人文學刊,2006(7),179-90。
李欣慈、陳慶餘、胡文郁(2012)。華人孝道與家庭主義文化脈絡下談長照機構住民執行預立醫療照護計畫與老人自主權。安寧療護雜誌,17 (2),187-199。
何雪綾(2015)。社區醫療照護模式中末期患者家屬參與患者之「預立醫療計劃討論」的心理歷程特徵。臺北市:臺灣大學心理學研究所學位論文。
李麗紅、楊政議(2020)。質性研究訪談個案數之判定:資料飽和概念之使用。澄清醫護管理雜誌,16(1),47-52。
林佳瑩、宋惠娟、 范聖育、 王淑貞、胡慧芳(2014)。預立醫療自主計畫對提升長期照護機構老人安寧療護、預立醫療指示知識及態度的成效初探。長庚護理,25(4),389-403。
林家穗、王枝燦、賴維淑(2020)。華人傳統文化對國人善終選擇之影響。安寧療護雜誌,24(1),1-16。
林淑馨(2010)。質性研究:理論與實務。臺北市:巨流圖書股份有限公司。
林綉君、李佳苓、張家銘(2016)。探討中部某醫學中心加護病房老年病人及家屬對預立醫療指示的認知情形。台灣老年醫學暨老年學雜誌,11(1),50-65。
林慧美、楊嘉玲、陳美妙、邱泰源、胡文郁(2011)。住院病人簽署預立醫療指示的意願及接受宣導的意向。安寧療護雜誌,2011(16),281-95。
孫效智(2016)。《病人自主權利法》面面觀。醫院雙月刊,49(1),1-5。
高淑清(2008)。質性研究的18堂課:首航初探之旅。台灣:麗文文化事業股份有限公司。
陳昺麟(2011)。社會科學質化研究之紮根理論實施程序及實例之介紹。勤益學報,2001(19),327-342。
許素彬、呂朝賢、朱美珍、趙善如、王篤強、鄭夙芬、曾華源(2013)。社會研究法:歷程與實務(第七版)。臺北市:洪葉文化。
張淑真、董和銳(2010)。中部某榮家住民對使用維生治療之態度及其相關因素探討。台灣老人保健學刊,6 (1),77-94。
張麗卿(2016)。病人自主權利法-善終的抉擇。東海大學法學研究,(50),1-47。
楊嘉玲、陳慶餘、胡文郁(2008)。醫療預立指示。安寧療護雜誌,2008(13),30-41。
臺北市政府衛生局(2019)。108年12月新聞稿。(2019年12月16日):取自https://health.gov.taipei/News_Content.aspx?n=BB5A41BA1E6CA260&sms=72544237BBE4C5F6&s=C535FB278425D1BD
謝至鎠、王淑貞、王英偉(2013)。符合社區民眾預立醫療自主計劃文化觀點之介入模式台灣花蓮地區之經驗。安寧療護雜誌,18 (1),1-13。
二、英文文獻
Aguiar, F., Cerrillo Vidal, J. A., & Serrano del Rosal, R. (2013). Dying with meaning: Social identity and cultural scripts for a good death in Spain. Advances in Applied Sociology, 3(2), 124-130.
Bowen, G. A. (2008). Naturalistic inquiry and the saturation concept: A research note. Qualitative Research, 8(1), 137-152.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Bullock, K. (2011). The influence of culture on end-of-life decision making. Journal of Social Work in End-Of-Life Palliative Care, 7(1), 8398.
Campbell, M. J., Edwards, M. J., Ward, K. S., & Weatherby, N. (2007). Developing a parsimonious model for predicting completion of advance directives. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 39(2), 165-71.
Chan, H. Y., & Pang, S. M. (2011). Readiness of Chinese frail old age home residents towards end‐of‐life care decision making. Journal of clinical Nursing, 20(9‐10), 1454-1461.
Chu WW, Woo J. Attitudes of Chinese elders towards advance planning on end-of-life issues: A qualitative study in a nursing home in Hong Kong. Journal of the Hong Kong Geriatrics Society 2004; 12(1):18-23.
Cox, C. L., Cole, E., Reynolds, T., & Wandrag, M. (2006). Implications of cultural diversity in do not attempt resuscitation (DNAR) decision-making. Journal of Multicultural Nursing & Health, 12(1), 20.
Creswell, J. W., & Miller, D. L. (2000). Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory into practice, 39(3), 124-130.
Detering, K. M., Hancock, A. D., Reade, M. C., & Silvester, W. (2010). The impact of advance care planning on end of life care in elderly patients: Randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal, 340, c1345.
Emanuel, L. L., Barry, M. J., Stoeckle, J. D., Ettelson, L. M., & Emanuel, E. J. (1991). Advance directives for medical care—a case for greater use. New England Journal of Medicine, 324(13), 889-895.
Gillick, M. R. (2004). Advance care planning. New England Journal of Medicine, 350(1), 7-8.
Guba, E. G. (1981). Criteria for assessing the trustworthiness of naturalistic inquiries. Educational Communication and Technology Journal, 29(2), 75.
Huang, C. H., Hu, W. Y., Chiu, T. Y., & Chen, C. Y. (2008). The practicalities of terminally ill patients signing their own DNR orders—a study in Taiwan. Journal of Medical Ethics, 34(5), 336-340.
Hu, W. Y., Huang, C. H., Chiu, T. Y., Hung, S.H., Peng, J. K., & Chen, C. Y. (2010). Factors that influence the participation of healthcare professionals in advance care planning for patients with terminal cancer: A nationwide survey in Taiwan. Social Science & Medicine, 70(11), 1701-1704.
Keating, N. L., Landrum, M. B., Rogers, S. O., Baum, S. K., Virnig, B. A., Huskamp, H. A., Kahn, K. L. (2010). Physician factors associated with discussions about end‐of‐life care. Cancer, 116(4), 998-1006.
Mullick, A., Martin, J., & Sallnow, L. (2013). An introduction to advance care planning in practice. British Medical Journal, 347(7930), 28-33.
Ramondetta, L. M., Tortolero‐Luna, G., Bodurka, D. C., Sills, D., Basen‐Engquist, K., Gano, J., & Levenback, C. (2004). Approaches for end‐of‐life care in the field of gynecologic oncology: An exploratory study. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 14(4), 580-588.
Santonocito, C., Ristagno, G., Gullo, A., & Weil, M. H. (2013). Do-not-resuscitate order: A view throughout the world. Journal of Critical Care, 28(1), 14-21.
Stolman, C. J., Gregory, J. J., Dunn, D., & Levine, J. L. (1990). Evaluation of patient, physician, nurse, and family attitudes toward do not resuscitate orders. Archives of Internal Medicine, 150(3), 653-658.
Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. M. (1990). Basics of qualitative research (Vol. 15). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Sudore, R. L., & Fried, T. R. (2010). Redefining the "planning" in advance care planning: Preparing for end-of-life decision making. Annals of Internal Medicine, 153(4), 256-261.
Tang C, Lam L, Chiu H. (2007). Attitudes to end-of-life decisions: A survey of elderly Chinese with dementia and their carers. Asian Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2(3), 119-25.
Thomas, D. R. (2006). A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American Journal of Evaluation, 27(2), 237-246.
Thompson, L., & Walker, A. J. (1982). The dyad as the unit of analysis: Conceptual and methodological issues. Journal of Marriage and the Family,44(4). 889-900.
Vandrevala, T., Hampson, S. E., Daly, T., Arber, S., & Thomas, H. (2006). Dilemmas in decision-making about resuscitation—a focus group study of older people. Social Science and Medicine, 62(7), 1579-1593.
Warner, J. R. (2005). A Guide to Culturally Competent Health Care. Nursing Education Perspectives, 26(5), 312.
Zager, B. S., & Yancy, M. (2011). A call to improve practice concerning cultural sensitivity in advance directives: A review of the literature. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 8(4), 202-211.