鋰電池採用高容量鋰金屬作為負極並且實現高能量密度，使其成為商用鋰離子電池的未來發展方向。鋰硫電池因其硫電極高比容量(1675 mA·h g-1) 可以實現高能量密度(2600 W·h kg-1)、成本低廉且環境友好，而成為有吸引力的儲能裝置。此外，硫元素在自然界豐富也有助於可持續性的能源發展。然而，多硫化物中間相的形成會擴散至負極並且腐蝕鋰金屬電極，嚴重影響到電池的循環壽命，除此之外，具備高活性的鋰金屬負極會在循環過程中有不均勻的電鍍和剝鋰，造成電極於電池充放電過時遭遇大幅度體積變化以及非活性鋰的積累，最終導致電池的循環穩定性差和造成低的庫倫效率。為了解決這些問題的存在，通過在負極表面塗覆一層鈦酸鋰鑭(LLTO)固態電解質界面層，藉由其優異的導離子性提供鋰離子穩定的傳輸路徑以誘導鋰的均勻沉積，並且避免負極與多硫化物的接觸藉以提升電池的循環壽命和穩定性。而塗層優異的導電子特性可以使負極與塗層間有良好的電子連接藉以增強電荷轉移反應，使電鍍和剝鋰過程得以迅速。通過不同氧化物漿料比調配出最佳的塗層厚度參數，修飾過的鋰金屬負極在鋰-鋰對稱電池於1 mA·cm-2高面積電流密度和1 mA·h cm-2鋰電鍍面積容量下可以穩定鍍鋰和脫鋰超過2000小時，並且在鋰-銅半電池中展現98%的高庫倫效率以及可以穩定循環超過100次。鋰硫電池採用高硫載量(4 mg cm-2)、低電解液對硫比(10 μL mg-1)和高倍率性能(C/5)下，展現約1056 mA·h g-1最高比電容量和4.2 mA·h cm-2高面積容量，並且能夠穩定循環300次。除此之外，為了能夠降低鋰源的用量，將鋰片減薄並且做負極界面的修飾，在鋰-鋰對稱電池可以展現超過1000小時的穩定鍍鋰和脫鋰，並於鋰硫全電池中實現初始放電容量為890 mA·h g-1以及2.8的低負正容量比，並且在200次循環後庫倫效率維持在98%的優異展現。

With the characteristics of sulfur cathodes’ low cost (two-thirds cheaper than lithium-ion cells) and high theoretical capacity (1675 mA·h g-1), lithium–sulfur cells rise rapidly and have attracted extensive research in academia and industry. The lithium–sulfur battery chemistry involves the conversion reaction between sulfur, lithium polysulfides, and lithium sulfides for a high electrochemical reversibility. However, the reversible conversion of the high-capacity active material faces the high resistance of the sulfur and sulfides that form as the solid-state active materials at the fully charged and discharged states, respectively. During cycling the solid-state active materials covert to liquid-state polysulfides intermediates that easily dissolve in the liquid electrolyte and then irreversibly diffuse out of the cathode and randomly redistribute throughout the cell. These material characteristics lead to the poor utilization of sulfur and the fast capacity fade in a short cycle life. In this research, a thin-film solid-state electrolyte coating is applied on the lithium-metal anode as a conductive protective layer to stabilize the lithium anode and avoid the corrosion of the diffusing polysulfides. Specifically, lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO) solid-state electrolyte is used as a thin-film coating layer on the lithium metal for the in-situ formation of a conductive coating film. With the adjustment of the amount of LLTO by its weight in the coating paste, the optimal 30 wt% LLTO coating shows a stable lithium plating and stripping reaction for over 2000 hours. The thin-film solid-state electrolyte coating demonstrates the excellent anode and interface stabilities. This allows us to explore the feasibility of such lithium-stabilization technologies for the lithium–sulfur batteries with a high-loading sulfur cathode and a thin lithium anode as a full cell, and to develop the corresponding interface analysis technology.

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