交通事故往往是因為駕駛人的疏忽大意亦或是風險意識低落而造成，因此本研究從人為因素面著手，過去研究鮮少針對未有肇事經驗之駕駛人作探討，故先以未有肇事經驗之駕駛人做研究對象進行紮根理論之質性訪談，再輔以文獻發展出駕駛人關鍵性格及習慣問卷，並由問卷結果進行典型相關分析探討駕駛習慣與性格的關聯度，後續配合眼球追蹤器探討駕駛人對車輛、道路及環境的相互關係下之眼動行為，透過情境評估駕駛人的注意力。且進一步探討不同類型的駕駛人在設計的情境下，可以觀察到其眼動行為是否有差異。本研究的重要結論歸納如下：

1.質性研究歸納出屬於駕駛安全習慣的重要因素：(1)解讀交通環境良好能力；(2)良好風險管理能力；(3)交通法規認知正確與遵從度；(4)穩定生心理狀態；(5)良好時間管理能力；(6)駕駛高專注度。

2.駕駛習慣問項透過因素分析萃取出風險認知度、心理穩定度，並以萃取出的構面與五大性格特質做典型相關分析，結果顯示駕駛習慣與性格之間有顯著相關，其中又發現風險認知度、心理穩定度與駕駛習慣有顯著相關；五大性格特質在模式中均為顯著，關聯度由大至小依序為情緒穩定性、親切性、謹慎性、外向性、開放性。
3.不同性別中，女性會比男性更早發現到風險因子，呈現顯著差異，但女性對風險因子後續的追蹤如AOI平均凝視點個數、AOI平均注視時間(秒)比男性個數更少時間也更短，亦呈現顯著差異，可以說明女性駕駛人對動態交通環境的敏感度比男性駕駛人高，而女性駕駛人縱使可以比男性駕駛人更早發現風險因子，但對於風險因子後續並沒有留心觀察，對風險因子較不重視，平均凝視點個數則是沒有顯著差異，說明男、女性在對於動態交通環境的掃視角度沒有明顯差異。

4.本研究也以眼球運動量測指標、主觀認知二大構面間進行典型相關分析結果顯示眼球運動與主觀認知之間有顯著相關，其中發現困難性、危險性、異常性皆與主觀認知顯著相關，其中以異常性相關程度最高，眼球運動方面四個眼球運動指標皆顯著相關，相關程度由高至低為依序為AOI 平均注視時間(秒)、第一次發現AOI平均所需時間(秒)、平均凝視點個數AOI、平均凝視點個數。

關鍵詞：風險意識、紮根理論、典型相關分析、駕駛習慣、性格、眼球追蹤器、注意力、主觀認知

Traffic accidents are often caused by the driver's negligence or low Risk Awareness. Therefore, this study is based on human factors. In the past, research has rarely been conducted on drivers who have no experience in car accidents. Therefore, the research will study the drivers who have no experience in car accidents. The driver made a qualitative interview with the Ground Theory, and then developed the driver's key personality and habits questionnaire with the literature. The Analysis of Canonical Correlation of the questionnaire results explored the relationship between driving habits and personality, and subsequently the research through the eye tracker. Exploring the driver's eye movements under the relationship between the vehicle, the road and the environment, and assessing the driver's attention through the situation. Further exploration of different types of drivers in the context of design, can be observed whether there is a difference in their eye movements. The important conclusions of this study are summarized as follows:

1. Qualitative research summarizes the important factors that are driving safety habits: (1) Good Ability to Interpret the Traffic Environment; (2) Good Risk Management Ability; (3) Correctness and Compliance of Traffic Regulations; (4)Stable Psychological State (5) Good Time Management Skills; (6) High Degree of Concentration

2. The driving habits extracted the risk perception and psychological stability through factor analysis, and the Analysis of Canonical analysis between the extracted facets and the five personality traits showed that there was a significant correlation between driving habits and personality. Risk awareness and psychological stability are significantly correlated with driving habits; the five personality traits are significant in the model, and the degree of relevance from large to small is emotional stability, intimacy, cautiousness, extroversion, and openness.

3. In different genders, women will find risk factors earlier than men, showing significant differences, but women's follow-up of risk factors such as AOI average gaze points, AOI average gaze time (seconds) is less than males The time is also shorter, and there are also significant differences, which can show that female drivers are more sensitive to dynamic traffic environment than male drivers, while female drivers can find risk factors earlier than male drivers, but follow the risk factors. Without paying attention to observation, the risk factors are less valued, and the average number of gaze points is not significantly different, indicating that there is no significant difference between men and women in the perspective of dynamic traffic environment.

4. This study also use Canonical Correlation Analysis to study the degree of association between eye movement and subjective cognition. Among them, difficulty, danger and abnormality were found and subjective cognition. Significant correlation, in which the degree of abnormality correlation is the highest, and the four eye movement indexes in eye movement are significantly correlated. The correlation degree is from high to low, which is AOI average gaze time (seconds), and the first time to find the average AOI time. (seconds), the average number of gaze points AOI, and the average number of gaze points.

Key words: Risk Awareness, Grounded Theory, Analysis of Canonical Correlation, Driving Habits, Personality, Eye Tracker, Attention, Subjective Cognition

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