在石油煉製工業中，利用氫氣資源整合技術來降低操作成本並減少空氣汙染的相關議題近年來相當受到重視。過去雖然已開發出不少可供設計最佳氫網路的數學規劃模式，但仍有進一步改善的空間。具體而言，目前既有方式的主要缺點為：(1)不合理的單元模式及(2) 不周全的設計考量。前者涉及用氫單元(如加氫脫硫或加氫裂解工廠)及產氫單元(如蒸氣重組工廠)的模式。在合理的質量平衡假設下，我們除了將用氫單元進出口端的流量及濃度視為設計 變數外，也提出適當的限制式來描述其間關聯性，使得氫網路的設計能更具彈性；此外，作為煉油廠中主要氫氣提供單元的蒸氣重組工廠也被納入數學規劃模式中，我們作法是將其內部既有的單元(如氫化單元及氣體純化裝置等)一同加入超結構中考量。在另一方面，針對前述第二項缺點，我們除了將所有常見的參數變動(如用氫單元流量、原料價格和電價等)都涵蓋在多時期設計的考慮內，也將壓縮機、氣體純化裝置(PSA)及燃料電池視為可能新添的設備。除了針對這些缺點發展出更實用更全面的混整數非線性數學規劃模式，也提出分時共享(timesharing)的演算法作為氫網路多時期設計的另一可行的選擇。最後，一系列的案例探討也用來展示本研究提出模式的可行性及實用性。

Operating cost reduction and/or air pollution abatement via hydrogen integration is a research issue that has recently attracted considerable attention in the petroleum refining industries. Although a number of mathematical programming models have already been developed to generate the optimal hydrogen distribution schemes, there is still room for further improvements. More specifically, the conventional models of hydrogen users are usually formulated according to fixed throughputs and also constant feed and product concentrations. Based on the shortcut calculations proposed in this study, not only the inlet and outlet flow rates and concentrations of these units can be treated as decision variables but also their interactions characterized with proper material-balance constraints. In addition, since the steam reforming plant is traditionally the primary hydrogen producer in a refinery and, in the existing model, it is treated only as a simple source, the more rigorous models of its embedded units have been established and added to the improved mathematical programs. As a result of the aforementioned modifications, more and better design options can be identified accordingly. To ensure comprehensive design considerations, all often-encountered seasonal variations in model parameters and the options to add extra compressors, purifiers and fuel cells have also been incorporated in a multi-period model. Finally, as an alternative approach to solve the above multi-period model, a systematic timesharing algorithm has been devised to integrate the conventional single-period designs in different periods to form a less economical but more flexible network structure for operations in multiple periods. Extensive case studies have been carried out to test the proposed design methods.

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