洛克沙砷(Roxarsone)是一種帶有五價砷酸的芳香烴化合物，常被用於畜牧業，例如雞、豬等動物飼料的添加抗生素。這些有機砷主要藉由動物排泄進入到環境中，隨著糞便及製作有機肥料的過程中擴大汙染源，透過環境的移動及傳輸，不僅直接威脅到人體健康，洛克沙砷的代謝副產物如無機砷亦有可能帶來更大的危害。本研究主要是藉由洛克沙砷的吸脫附反應去探討其在環境中可能的傳輸機制。研究中主要以氫氧化鋁(bayerite, β-Al(OH)3)為吸附材料，並與文獻中以針鐵礦(goethite, FeOOH)為吸附劑進行比較，以堆肥常見的金屬陽離子Fe3+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Ca2+、Mg2+進行實驗探討金屬陽離子對於洛克沙砷於氫氧化鋁吸脫附的影響，而脫附實驗主要以氫氧根(OH-)和磷酸根(HPO42-)作為脫附劑。
氫氧化鋁在酸性環境下固體表面帶正電，藉此吸附帶負電的洛克沙砷，在本研究的實驗範圍，50 µM洛克沙砷在1 g/L氫氧化鋁上的最大吸附量約在pH= 5左右，隨著溶液環境逐漸偏鹼，故吸附率隨著pH上升而減少，直到氫氧化鋁的等電點pHpzc≈ 9.5而吸附率降到最低。當pH大於10，洛克沙砷之吸附反而隨著pH上升而升高，與洛克沙砷吸附於針鐵礦隨pH上升而下降的情形迥異。實驗推測在鹼性環境下氫氧化鋁溶解成Al(OH)4-，高pH值環境中存在膠體粒子，混合靜置過後可分為三層：溶液層、膠羽層以及固體層，而這也是與針鐵礦最大的相異之處。當加入不同的金屬離子，會提高洛克沙砷的吸附量，並且減少磷酸根與氫氧根的脫附，在六個測試的金屬離子當中，Cu2+ 與 Fe3+ 的效果最為明顯。在脫附結果中，普遍看出磷酸根的脫附速度優於氫氧根，但由於膠羽對於pH的不穩定性，導致後續產生再吸附現象。添加氫氧根脫附時，溶液pH值卻下降，數個小時後才逐漸回升，此現象有可能是膠羽產生變化的影響，可藉此預測環境中的氫氧化鋁膠體粒子對於酸鹼和汙染物擁有良好的緩衝能力，然而此現象亦說明了洛克沙砷在環境中可隨著吸附於膠羽上移動。

Roxarsone (4-Hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenearsonic, ROX) is an aromatic hydrocarbon compound with a pentavalent arsenic acid. It is widely used as feed additives for livestock, such as chickens, pigs, and turkeys to promote growth and control diseases. This arsenic containing pollutant could be discharged into the environment through agricultural application of animal manure and pose potential threats to our environment. ROX in the environment may be transported or degraded into metabolic byproducts with higher toxicity. In this study, the influence of pH and metal ions (Cu2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) on the adsorption of ROX were investigated in order to understand their mobility in the environment. After adsorption, the competitive anions, phosphate and hydroxide, which are common substances in the environment and potential competing anions for ROX, were added to replace ROX from bayerite/goethite. The results showed the surface of bayerite was positive charged and had very strong affinity to negatively charged ROX in acidic condition. When the ROX’s loading was 50 µM and pH was less than 6, it can be all removed by 1 g/L bayerite. With increasing pH, the ROX adsorption on bayerite decreased and reached the lowest adsorption at pH 9.5 which is the pHpzc of bayerite. Surprisingly, when pH was higher than 10, both ROX and bayerite were negatively charged, but the amount of adsorption rebounded to 30-55%. It was observed that bayerite dissolute into flocs or flakes in the solution at pH > 10 which was very different from its solid suspension at lower or neutral pH. In the desorption experiment, phosphate was more efficient than hydroxide to replace ROX from goethite/bayerite. The results demonstrated that the presence of metal ions enhanced ROX adsorption and decreased ROX desorption, and the effect from Fe3+ and Cu2+ was more pronounced. However, the released ROX readsorbed on bayerite surface in a few hours when phosphate was the replacing agent. The re-adsorption of the ROX on bayerite might result from the fact that phosphate caused Al3+ ion dissolution and the Al3+ ions tend to associate with hydroxide ion and decrease the pH. Comparing the results with bayerite and goethite, it suggested that the flocs formation in the reaction with bayerite may influence the pH, and that the colloidal particles of bayerite formed in strong basic condition may play an important role on the fate of ROX in the environment.

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