本研究探討汽油油品成份與機車引擎排氣基準污染物(CO、CO2、NO、THC)及揮發性有害空氣污染物(1,3butadiene、n-Hexane、Benzene、Toluene、Ethylbenzene、Xylene、Styrene、Formaldehyde、Acetaldehyde、Acrolein)所致影響。排放測試實驗乃以四行程125cc機車引擎新品為對象，於引擎動力計藉由控制機車引擎轉速，模擬操作冷啟動惰轉條件測試程序乃添加不同油品成份(氧含量、硫含量、芳香烴及苯含量)為燃料，藉由連續自動監測分析儀即時量測尾氣排放基準污染物濃度，以Tedlar採樣袋和醛酮吸附管(Cartridge)進行採樣，利用GC/MS及HPLC定性定量揮發性有機物及醛酮化合物成分及濃度。實驗設計乃以四種油品成分二水準(24=16)實驗設計方法進行，並以市售95無鉛汽油與測試油品實驗結果比較，探討不同成份汽油所致機車引擎污染物排放係數(g/L-fuel)，並探討不同成分對不同空氣污染物排放之影響，油品成分為氧含量3.3wt%->2.5wt%；硫含量150ppmw->50ppmw；芳香烴含量28vol%->22vol%；苯含量0.63vol%->0.43vol%。
研究結果顯示，市售汽油為燃料之空氣污染物排放係數，大多高於研究配製汽油所致排放係數(CO、NO、THC、1,3butadiene、n-Hexane、Benzene、Toluene、Ethylbenzene、Xylene、Styrene)。於油品成份影響上，降低汽油含硫量(由150 ppmw降低至50 ppmw)對THC、NO、1,3butadiene(且有顯著減量比例)、n-Hexane、Ethylbenzene、Xylene、Styrene排放亦有減量效果，對CO及CO2則無明顯影響，對Toluene發現有增加的趨勢；降低油品含氧量(由3.3 wt%降低至2.5 wt%)使CO、1,3butadiene(顯著)、Acetaldehyde排放增加；對n-Hexane、Toluene、Ethylbenzene、Styrene有減量之效果，對於其他污染物則不明顯。降低油品中芳香烴含量(由28%降至22%)使CO、Benzene(顯著)排放減少，對Toluene、Ethylbenzene、Xylene、Styrene、Formaldehyde亦有減量效果，唯可將Acetaldehyde(顯著)及Acrolein排放量增加；降低汽油含苯量目標物種排放係數影響不明顯，應與測試油品苯含量極低 (0.4%~0.6%)有關。
此外機車引擎於冷啟動惰轉情況下，機車尾氣排放之各族NMHC成分比例為烷烴(57%~35%)＞烯烴(44%~18%)＞芳香烴(32%~8%)＞醛酮化合物(35%~1.7%)。不同油品造成NMHC族群比例差異極大；氧含量越多，烯烴類排放係數越小(顯著)；芳香烴含量越多，烷烴及醛酮化合物排放係數有減少趨勢(中度負相關，不顯著)。
以等效減量值加權計算發現降低硫含量能有效減少基準污染物排放量；以降低致癌性為主要考量則應減少硫含量及苯含量；以油品改良方式減少危害性則以降低硫含量為主。整體而言，欲對油品成分改良以促使機車引擎尾氣污染物排放減量，首先著手減量芳香烴含量及硫含量，減少油品中的此二種成分可以減少最多種的有害污染物，但仍須注意減少這些成分會增加排放的污染物(減少芳香烴有使NO增加之趨勢；減少硫含量有使甲苯增加之趨勢)。

Exhaust from motorcycle strongly depends on engine type and fuel formulation. This research has been conducted to investigate the effects of gasoline composition on the profiles of exhaust gas, including legislated exhaust emissions (CO, THC, NO, and CO2) and air toxics (1,3butadiene, n-Hexane, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, styrene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein) from a motorcycle engine dynamometer. The test fuel designed to 4 characters (oxygenate content, sulfur, aromatic, and benzene) with 2 level (hight and low level) is 16 different type (24=16). The fuel content on oxygenate molecule is from 3.3 to 2.5 wt%, sulfur from 50 to 150 ppmw, aromatics from 22 to 28 vol%, and benzene from 0.63 to 0.43 vol%. All blended gasolines were used to power a 4-stoke with 125cc displacement engine which was linked to an engine dynamometer and tested under idleing test mode with cold-start. The legislated exhaust emissions, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and nitrogen oxides, were measured by monitor (SPTC AUTOCHEK 4/5 and EGA300). The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbonyls compounds were sampled by sampling bags and DNPH-Cartridge, and were analyzed by GC/MS and HPLC, respectively.
The test results indicated that commercial 95 RON unleaded gasoline caused the hightest exhaust emission factor among test fuels, for CO, NO, THC, 1,3butadiene, n-Hexane, benzene, toluene、ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene. Test data shows that the THC, NO, 1,3-butadiene (significant), n-Hexane, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene emissions increase as sulfur content in fuel raises from 50 to 150ppmw, but CO and CO2 emission had no clear effect with sulfur content. Gasoline with lower aromatics content also caused lower emission of CO, benzene (significant), toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, styrene, formaldehyde, but caused higher NO, acetaldehyde (significant), and acrolein. The content of benzene has no significant effect in all emissions because of the test fuel with low extremely benzene content (0.4%~0.6%).
The fraction of NMHC groups exhaust from motorcycle engine in order are alkanes (57%~35%), alkenes (44~18%), aromatics (32%~8%) and carbonyls (35%~1.7%). Different gasoline composition cause significant NMHC composition proportion. Gasoline with higher oxygenate cause lower alkenes emission factor (significant), and gasoline with higher aromatics also cause lower alkanes and carbonyls (non significant).
Moreover, decrease the sulfur content in gasoline has the greatest emission reduction for legislated exhaust emissions evaluated by equivalent emission abatement (EEA). For air toxics exhaust emissions, decrease the sulfur and benzene content in gasoline has the greatest carcinogenic risk reduction and decrease the sulfur content in gasoline may decreased the noncancer chronic healthy hazard.
By the domination of gasoline to control air pollution for motorcycle, the first stage should be reducing the aromatics and sulfur content, because they can cause the most kind of air pollutants emission reduction. But we still pay some attention to it may cause some air pollutants increase, that is to reduce aromatics content in fuel may increase NO emission, and to reduce sulfur content may increase toluene emission.

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