隨著科技發展，合成染料被應用於紡織工業以外的許多產業，造成染料廢水的污染日益嚴重，因此開發有效的染料吸附材料是現今社會所關注的，煉鋼廠高爐集塵灰中含有凝析石墨，本研究先使用泡沫浮選法富集高爐集塵灰中之凝析石墨，並利用酸純化法將富集的凝析石墨純化，以獲得高純度之凝析石墨，使用化學氧化插層程序將凝析石墨製備成石墨插層化合物（graphite intercalation compound，GIC），並經過微波程序使其形成膨脹石墨（expanded graphite，EG），後續使用市面上常見的2種染料進行染料吸附實驗，藉此評估其處理染料污水的能力，此外，亦對EG進行改質，增加EG對染料的吸附效果。
本研究以天然石墨作為凝析石墨之對照組，透過元素分析（elemental analyzer，EA）與掃描式電子顯微鏡（scanning electron microscope，SEM）分析得知凝析石墨之碳含量與天然石墨相近，但凝析石墨表面較天然石墨粗糙且具有缺陷。本研究以 H2SO4做為插層劑；(NH4)2S2O8作為氧化劑以探討不同反應條件對比表面積之影響，經實驗結果發現，不論以天然石墨或凝析石墨作為原料，H2SO4：(NH4)2S2O8=3 mL：5 g皆為最適合之EG製備條件，此外，升高氧化插層溫度可以有效縮短氧化插層反應達到平衡的時間，在微波膨脹的過程中，過高的微波功率與過長的微波時間並無法使EG之比表面積出現明顯變化。由以上結果可歸納出在凝析石墨粒徑為0.150～0.300 mm、H2SO4：(NH4)2S2O8為3 mL：5 g、氧化插層溫度70℃、氧化插層時間1 min、微波功率700 W、微波時間40 s之實驗條件下，可獲得最佳之比表面積為32.46 m2/g。
在染料吸附試驗中，溶液pH對EG的吸附量有顯著的影響，經實驗後得知EG對酸性藍9（acid blue 9，AB9）與反應性藍 4（reactive blue 4，RB4）的最佳吸附pH分別為1、2，在最佳吸附pH的條件下，EG對二種陰離子型染料的吸附皆遵循擬二級動力學模型，且符合Langmuir等溫吸附模型，從等溫吸附模型的分析可得知，EG有利於吸附染料，吸附機制主要為染料中的苯環與EG表面產生?−?鍵互相吸引並單層堆疊於EG表面上，EG對AB9與RB4分別具有最大單層吸附量23.81、26.71 mg/g。
凝析石墨製備的膨脹石墨經濃度為0.45 g/L的十六烷基三甲基溴化銨（cetyltrimethylammonium bromide，CTAB）水溶液改質後，可產生1.06 g/g 的重量變化，改質膨脹石墨（modified expanded graphite，MEG）對AB9與RB4分別具有最大單層吸附46.51、48.54 mg/g。
綜合以上結果，凝析石墨從高爐集塵灰中富集後，可將其製備成為EG 並應用於處理染料污染問題，可作為天然石墨之替代原料，經改質之後可有效增加其吸附量，符合現今所提倡的資源再生及利用理念。

Synthetic dyes have been applied to many industries, leading to severe dye wastewater pollution. Development of effective dye adsorbent is a concern in contemporary society. The blast furnace dust from steel steelmaking plant contains kish graphite. In this study, kish graphite was prepared into a graphite intercalation compound (GIC) by a chemical oxidation intercalation process, and expanded graphite (EG) was subsequently produced using a microwave method. Dye adsorption experiments were conducted using two common dyes to evaluate its ability to treat dye wastewater. In addition, EG was modified by surfactant to increase its dye adsorption capacity. Following experiments, it was determined that the optimal specific surface area is 32.46 m²/g. This was achieved under the conditions where the particle size of kish graphite is 0.150-0.300 mm, H2SO4 : (NH4)2S2O8=3 mL:5 g, oxidation-intercalation temperature=70°C, oxidation-intercalation time=1 min, irradiation power=700 W, and irradiation time=40 s. After dye adsorption experiments, the optimal adsorption pH of acid blue 9 (AB9) and reactive blue 4 (RB4) are 1 and 2, respectively. The adsorption of two dyes conforms to the pseudo second-order kinetic model, and the isotherm fits the Langmuir model. EG has the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (QL) of 23.81 and 26.71 mg/g for AB9 and RB4, respectively. Expanded graphite was modified by a 0.45 g/L aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to form modified expanded graphite (MEG), MEG has the QL of 46.51 and 48.54 mg/g for AB9 and RB4, respectively. Combined with the experimental results, using MEG to adsorb dyes can protect the environment and reduce waste generation at the same time. In line with the concept of resource recycling and utilization.

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