摘要
隨著全球化趨勢及資訊科技發展，反應時間可能成為主要競爭優勢，接單後組裝(Assemble-to-Order)系統就是為了減少反應時間所衍生的生產策略，而存貨則扮演反應時間快慢的關鍵角色。易腐性存貨的相關研究大多將易腐性產品當作一個產品決定其訂購量，忽略應用於接單後組裝環境的可能性，產品可能由易腐性零件以及非易腐性零件組合而成，所以不能視為單獨的報僮模式以解決，每一期的採購策略均需要聯合被考慮。本研究便是針對接單後組裝系統中，提供多樣種類產品的製造商，且需求為不確定性，零件分別具有易腐性以及非易腐性，而非易腐性材料當作不同產品間的共用性零件，共用性零件能夠替代專屬零件，進而減少管理上的複雜度，但也有可能導致配對錯誤的情形發生，本研究將透過不考慮期初的缺貨後補數量以及可得的非易腐共用零件數量以制定適合的存貨策略，決定生命週期為一期和兩期易腐性零件的每期最佳訂購數量及共用零件訂購時機與數量。本研究納入零件訂購成本於模式中，並使用動態規劃的手法建構出一個多期的利潤問題，同時考量零件採購成本、存貨持有成本、產品的缺貨成本以及易腐性零件的生命週期，使製造商訂定出適當的存貨策略，降低因配對錯誤造成的損失，得到最大化的利潤，同時透過數值應用證實使用分配政策比起單獨解決報僮模型可以得到比較大的利潤表現，最後提出一種分配方法則是在大部分的情況可以得到最大化的利潤，證實此存貨策略對於利潤將帶來正面之效益影響。

With globalization and the improvement of information technology quick responses to customers’ requirements become main competitive advantages for corporate. Assemble-to-order is developed as a production strategy to reduce response times in which inventory plays a key role to affect lead times. In recent years, research on perishable inventory often regards an item but not a component is perishable, which ignores the possibility of fitting in an assemble-to-order environment in practice. Many products are made using both perishable and non-perishable components, and which can not be dealt with by a series of newsvendor problems. In facts, replenishment decisions for both components have to be made jointly. In this study, we focus on the inventory problem of multi-product in an assemble-to-order system where components may be perishable and non-perishable. And the non-perishable one is also a common component. We establish an inventory policy for perishable components in which the number of backorders at the beginning of a period and the availability of the nonperishable component are considered to determine the optimal ordering schedules and quantities of the perishable components, and the common component. A dynamic programming approach is used to model the multi-period problem which considers purchasing costs, holding cost, backorder cost , and lifetimes of perishable components. The proposed approach ensures that manufacturers can have a better inventory policy with profit improvement which can reduce damages from mis-match in assembly. Finally, a numerical application demonstrates that the benefits of using the proposed allocation policies are better than that for solving problem as a newsvendor independently.

ㄧ、中文部分
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何怡潔(2007)，「批量式生產/組裝系統最佳策略之研究」，私立元智大學工業工程與管理學所碩士論文。

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