懸浮微粒泛指懸浮在空氣中的微細顆粒，一般而言，指粒徑介於0.005-100μm之粒狀物，是造成台灣地區空氣品質不良的主因之一。懸浮微粒之物理性質包括可判定懸浮微粒污染嚴重程度之質量濃度、數量濃度外，亦可依其粒徑大小分類，例如超細懸浮微粒(PM0.1細懸浮微粒、懸浮微粒(PM10)、總懸浮微粒(TSP)等性質。化學性質方面，其主要化學成份包括水溶性離子成份、金屬元素成份、碳成份(元素碳及有機碳)，亦被視為其化學指紋特徵。
依照過去嘉義市空氣品質監測資料(環保署嘉義測站)，嘉義市在細懸浮微粒濃度與比例上，PM2.5約佔PM10之60%~70%具明顯影響，顯示細粒徑微粒對嘉義地區之懸浮微粒具主導地位，於2013年之研究得到嘉義市初步之PM2.5污染源貢獻，然而為進一步達成有效管制並減量之目的。具體結果如下：
1.春季PM2.5濃度33~61 μg/m3，PM2.5/PM10比例45.9~58.0%，落於一般都會區間。春季盛行西北及北風，於本市東北及西北均出現較高濃度值，有氣團經過本市轄區後於下風處粒狀物近山累積現象。水溶性離子比例58.7%、碳含量14.4%、金屬5.1%。離子成分以NO3- (22.4%)最多，SO42- (16.8%)次之，NH4+ (14.3%)第三，碳成分以OC (10.1%) > EC (4.9%)。
2.夏季PM2.5濃度9~22μg/m3，PM2.5/PM10為33.3~42.9%，低於一般高濃度季節，顯示本季周界空氣環境較佳，推測乃因歇性降雨出現。水溶性離子39.1%、碳含量18.0%、金屬13.0%。離子成分以SO42- (21.8%)最多，NH4+ (8.8%)次之，NO3- (7.2%)第三，碳成分以OC (10.6%) > EC (7.4%)。
3.秋季PM2.5濃度21~74μg/m3之間，本季103年11月1日出現高濃度74 μg/m3，為103年嘉義測站秋季最高濃度。PM2.5/PM10為34.9~59.1%，高於前述夏季結果，推測因氣溫下降、垂直對流高度壓縮，偏北風導致轄區外移入加強等影響。水溶性離子54.2%、碳含量10.2%、金屬7.5%。離子成分以SO42- (21.9%)最多，NO3- (16.6%)次之，NH4+ (11.0%)第三，碳成分以OC (6.4%) > EC (3.8%)。
4.冬季PM2.5濃度29~69μg/m3之間。本季有四日公告警戒日，測站濃度分別為31~50 μg/m3，其中一日預報高估，其餘均超過法規。PM2.5/PM10為52.9-67.9%，顯示粒狀物高濃度季節其粒徑小之顆粒亦增高，對於市民健康具負面影響潛勢。水溶性離子59.2%、碳含量13.7%、金屬4.6%。離子成分以NO3- (20.7%)最多，SO42- (17.5%)次之，NH4+ (12.6%)第三，碳成分以OC (9.5%) > EC (3.9%)。
5.受體模式模擬結果，春季污染源貢獻依序為衍生性硝酸鹽、交通源、衍生性硫酸鹽、土壤揚塵、石化業及農廢燃燒。夏季污染貢獻源依序為衍生性硫酸鹽、衍生性硝酸鹽、土壤揚塵、石化業、交通源、海水飛沫、水泥業及鋼鐵業。秋季污染貢獻源依序為衍生性硫酸鹽、衍生性硝酸鹽、交通源、石化業、土壤揚塵、農廢燃燒、海水飛沫、水泥業及鋼鐵業。冬季污染貢獻源依序為交通源、衍生性硝酸鹽、衍生性硫酸鹽、農廢燃燒、石化業、土壤揚塵、海水飛沫、鋼鐵業及水泥業。

Fine particulate matters have been identified as one of the major air pollutants in urban areas, which are responsible for the deterioration of the atmospheric air quality as well as adverse effects on public health. In this study, the mass concentration, water-soluble ionic component, trace metal component, carbon component and modeling the contribution source for PM2.5 was characterized for Chiayi City which has high population density and surrounded by agricultural area. The results of this study are as following:
1.In the spring, the PM2.5 concentrations were 33-61μg/m3. The PM2.5/PM10 ratios were 45.9-58.0%, which is among the levels of normal urban area. The main wind direction were NW and N, leading to the relatively higher PM2.5 levels around the east of Chiayi City. The particulate accumulation in valley or near-mountain location occurred. The mass concentration of PM2.5 were mainly composed of 58.7% water soluble ions 14.4% carbonates, and 5.1% metals. The ion contents were majorly composed of NO3- (22.4%), SO42- (16.8%), and NH4+ (14.3%). The average OC (10.1%) mass content was higher the EC (4.9%).
2.In the summer, the PM2.5 concentrations were 9-22μg/m3. The PM2.5/PM10 ratios were 33.3-42.9%, which is significantly lower than other seasons. This could be resulted from the inhibition of primary particles and secondary gaseous precursors by temporal precipitation. The mass concentration of PM2.5 were mainly composed of 39.1% water soluble ions 18.0% carbonates, and 13.0% metals. The ion contents were majorly composed of SO42- (21.8%), NH4+ (8.8%), and NO3- (7.2%). The average OC (10.6%) mass content was higher the EC (7.4%).
3.In the autumn, the PM2.5/PM10 ratios were 34.9-59.1%. The mass concentration of PM2.5 were mainly composed of 54.2% water soluble ions 10.2% carbonates, and 7.5% metals. The ion contents were majorly composed of SO42- (21.9%), NO3- (16.6%), and NH4+ (11.0%). The average OC (6.4%) mass content was higher the EC (3.8%).
4.In the winter, the PM2.5 concentrations were 29-69μg/m3. The PM2.5/PM10 ratios were 52.9-67.9%, reporting the higher fine particle level with more potential harmful effects than other seasons. The mass concentration of PM2.5 were mainly composed of 59.2% water soluble ions 13.7% carbonates, and 4.6% metals. The ion contents were majorly composed of SO42- (20.7%), NO3- (17.5%), and NH4+ (12.6%). The average OC (9.5%) mass content was higher the EC (3.9%).
5.The main contribution for locally atmospheric PM2.5 by CMB model were as follows. Spring: secondary nitrate, traffic source, secondary sulfate, re-suspending soil particle, petrochemical industry, agricultural open burning, metallurgical industry, cement industry, and sea salt. Summer: secondary sulfate, secondary nitrate, re-suspending soil particle, traffic source, petrochemical industry, sea salt, cement industry, and metallurgical industry. Autumn: secondary sulfate, secondary nitrate, traffic source, petrochemical industry, re-suspending soil particle, agricultural open burning, sea salt, cement industry, and metallurgical industry. Winter: traffic source, secondary nitrate, secondary sulfate, agricultural open burning, petrochemical industry, re-suspending soil particle, sea salt, cement industry, and metallurgical industry.

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