奈米氧化鋅因具有化學穩定性高、電耦合係數高、輻射吸收度廣且光穩定性高等優點而被廣泛應用在許多產品中。然而近期研究指出奈米氧化鋅對於人類健康與環境中野生動物皆會導致許多不良的影響。目前已知奈米氧化鋅會對多種器官造成損傷，但對於肝臟毒性機轉資訊仍不足，且缺乏可用以推估生物體及潛在生態影響的長時間暴露毒理相關資訊。斑馬魚模式是一個適用於評估生物體潛在傷害的良好模式，其優點包含可在短時間大量繁殖、胚胎發育時間快、觀察不同發育階段之變化等優勢，也因此本研究利用斑馬魚模式探討自行製備之不同表面修飾奈米氧化鋅包含Amnie-modified zinc oxide nanoparticles(NH2-ZnO NPs)與Carboxylated zinc oxide nanoparticles (COOH-ZnO NPs)，以及商品化塊材氧化鋅探討胚胎發育毒性、稚魚急毒性與早期生命週期發育毒性測試的影響。首先，透過物化特性的測定可以分析出奈米氧化鋅微粒NH2- ZnO NPs與COOH-ZnO NPs之物化特性大致相同，而電位分別為31.5 mV與-31.8 mV呈現相反帶電性。毒性研究結果指出，暴露NH2-ZnO NPs和COOH-ZnO NPs之存活率會依照濃度增加而下降，比較三種材料之毒性效應，其毒性強度依序為NH2- ZnO NPs > COOH-ZnO NPs > Bulk ZnO。另外於研究中亦發現NH2- ZnO NPs與COOH-ZnO NPs均會引起尾鰭畸形、體軸彎曲、眼睛畸形、心苞腫脹、卵黃囊腫及充血等畸形的產生，而於分子機轉上觀察到奈米氧化鋅微粒會造成肝臟之氧化壓力上升，並且誘導細胞凋亡與細胞自體吞噬作用的產生。綜合以上結果證實，透過多種不同暴露模式的分析，可以提供較精確的奈米氧化鋅急毒性資訊，此外，本研究也進一步提供奈米氧化鋅暴露所造成的肝臟毒性機轉變化，有助於瞭解奈米誘發的氧化壓力及細胞凋亡/細胞自噬在肝毒性機制的角色。

Nano-scale zinc oxide (nano-ZnO), due to their unique properties such as high chemical stability, high electrochemical coupling coefficient, broad range of radiation absorption and high photostability, has been widely applied in many products. Unfortunately, recent studies indicated that nano-ZnO may have adverse impacts on human health and environmental species, however, the available toxicological information is still limited to assess the potential ecological risk of nano-ZnO to organisms and the publics. In this study, we used zebrafish as an in vivo model to investigate toxicity of amino- and carboxy- coated nano-ZnO during embryo stages, larva stages and first-life stages. Then we investigate the toxic mechanisms of nano-ZnO induced liver damage. The results indicated that the order of toxicity levels from high to low are amino-modified nano-ZnO, carboxylated nano-ZnO and bulk ZnO using the assay of survival rate. Besides, we found that exposure of those two nano-ZnO led to malformation, including zebrafish tail deformity, trunk malformation, eye malformation, heart malformation, yolk sac edema, and hyperaemia. In addition, the toxic mechanisms of nano-ZnO induced liver damage may include oxidative stress and then trigger apoptosis and autophagy. Taken together, by using different developmental stages model to compare the survival rate of the nano-ZnO , we can achieve more solid information of acute toxicity. We also provided the possible toxic mechanisms of nano-ZnO induced liver damage which can offer substantial insight of hepatotoxicity through modulation of oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy.

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