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研究生: 林敬祐
Lin, Chung-Yu
論文名稱: 影像伺服微物件姿態調整與定位組裝系統之發展
Development of Visual-Servo Alignment, Positioning and Assembly of Micro Object
指導教授: 張仁宗
Chang, Ren-Jung
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年: 2009
畢業學年度: 97
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 121
中文關鍵詞: 姿態調整影像伺服軸孔組裝
外文關鍵詞: peg in hole, Visual-Servo, Alignment
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  • 本論文為PC-Based即時影像伺服自動化微組裝系統,搭配影像演算法,發展自動化微組裝系統,系統主要分為影像系統、微物件安置與定位系統及微組裝系統三大部份。
    系統以工業電腦並搭配LabVIEW做為人機介面發展軟體,該軟體提供相當友善的圖形化人機介面,系統藉LabVIEW整合三個子系統。首先為影像系統,為改善置物平台光場以透光平台提高影像辨識度,省去影像前處理減少運算時間,達到即時影像伺服,應用曲線擬合區域邊緣統計演算法與樣板比對達成影像定位控制,並透過光場與影子之關係發展出單CCD三維空間之定位。接著為微物件安置與定位系統,以操縱器安置並定位微物件,操縱器外型為圓錐狀,尖端直徑為150μm,利用狀態機對各個狀態的監控,經由狀態的轉換有效的安置與定位微物件。最後為微組裝系統部份,利用PU材料以準分子雷射加工,製造出微夾持器,其尺寸約為546x669x100μm3,並以壓電致動器驅動的撓性微夾持器,以夾持圓柱型微物件直徑約為60~90μm,可搬運並執行組裝任務。
    本研究成功的安置並定位微物件,並且成功的以影像識別自動化組裝,物件直徑88μm,組合件孔徑100μm,其間隙比為0.12。

    In this paper, A PC-Based real-time visual-servo automatic microassembly system was developed and tested, the system is composed of three systems, which are visual-servo system, micro object alignment system and microassembly system.
    The system is developed on the industrial computer with LabVIEW man-machine interface software, the software provides friendly GUI, the system integrates three subsystems through LabVIEW. The first one is the visual-servo system, the object stage of light field is improving, and then to improve the image recognition and reduce operational time of image pretreatment and the image servo achieved real-time, the image positioning control applies the RES with curve fitting and template matching, developing the single-CCD three-dimensional positioning through light field and the shadow of relationship. Next is the micro object alignment system, using the manipulation to alignment and position micro object, the shaped of manipulation is cone and the tip diameter is about 150μm, the state machine monitors individual states, through the states transition effectively align and position objects. At last is microassembly system, the tool of object transport system is utilizing a piezo-drived compliant micro gripper with size of 669×546×100μm3, which can grasp the thin cylinder with diameter 60~90μm, so can move and assemble tasks.
    The research achieved to supply alignment and positioning micro object, and automatically assembly through visual-servo, the peg size of the diameter is 88μm, the hole size of the diameter is 100μm, that clearance ration is 0.12.

    摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 III 目錄 IV 表目錄 VII 圖目錄 VIII 符號表 XIII 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 前言 1 1-2 文獻回顧 1 1-2.1 視覺伺服領域 1 1-2.2 微物件姿態調整與定位 3 1-2.3 微組裝系統 6 1-3 研究目標與方法 18 1-4 本文架構 19 第二章視覺伺服架構與影像定位 20 2-1 視覺伺服系統 20 2-1.1 影像硬體設備 20 2-1.2 垂直正交投影法 22 2-1.3 攝影機架設方案 23 2-1.4 視覺伺服架構 25 2-2 邊緣偵測 26 2-3 影像定位演算法 29 2-3.1 樣板比對法 29 2-3.2 曲線擬合區域邊緣統計演算法 33 2-3.3 利用光場與影子達成單一CCD三維空間定位 42 2-4 影像系統建模與控制 50 2-5 本章總節 53 第三章微物件姿態調整與定位系統 54 3-1 微物件建模與姿態調整定位模擬 54 3-1.1 微物件建模 54 3-1.2 微物件姿態調整與定位模擬 59 3-2 微物件姿態調整定位方法 63 3-3 微操縱系統 68 3-3.1 載具平台 69 3-3.2 微操縱器 69 3-4 本章總結 70 第四章微組裝系統 71 4-1 微夾持系統 71 4-1.1 端效器設計與製作 71 4-1.2 微夾持器之組裝與測試 76 4-2 微物件搬運系統 78 4-2.1 微夾持器載具平台 79 4-2.2 載物及組裝平台 80 4-3 工作空間的配置 81 4-4 本章總結 83 第五章系統整合與測試 84 5-1 系統整合 84 5-1.1 硬體整合 84 5-1.2 軟體整合 85 5-2 實現影像定位演算法 86 5-2.1 CCD1影像追蹤結果 87 5-2.2 CCD2影像追蹤結果 89 5-2.3 CCD3影像追蹤結果 91 5-3 微物件姿態調整、定位與組裝之影像伺服應用 92 5-3.1 應用實例 92 5-3.2 應用實例成功率測試與分析 101 第六章結論與未來展望 104 6-1 結論 104 6-2 未來展望 105 參考文獻: 106 附錄A 110 A-1 微夾持器之組裝流程 110 附錄B 111 B-1 載具平台/微夾持裝置之實體圖/表 111 B-2 載具位移平台規格表 112 B-3 Z軸旋轉平台之實體圖與規格 113 B-4 Z軸旋轉平台之實體圖與規格 114 B-5 載物平台之實體圖/表 115 B-6 影像擷取卡之規格表 116 B-7 操縱器載具平台規格 117 B-8 操縱器實體圖 118 B-9 CCD Camera規格 119 B-10 PCI 7344運動控制卡規格 120 自述 121

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