空載光達結合雷射掃瞄儀(Laser Scanner)、全球定位系統(Global Positioning System, GPS)及慣性導航系統(Inertial Navigation System, INS)，可快速獲取地表面之點雲坐標資料。其定位模式複雜且互相牽動，若有率定不完善之處，在航帶重疊區域會明顯反映某種程度的系統誤差。航帶平差的用意即是利用航帶重疊區域觀測系統誤差量，透過平差計算的方式求取系統誤差參數，用以改正或減少系統誤差。

本研究比較分析幾種不同的空載光達航帶平差模式，包含高程線性、非線性，三維線性、非線性四種系統誤差改正模式。高程線性模式針對航帶間高程系統誤差進行改正，而高程非線性模式加入二次項參數，吸收航帶之非線性變形量；三維線性模式假設航帶無尺度之變形，使用三度空間之正形轉換模式，三維非線性模式則在高程方向加入二次項參數，用以吸收高程坐標之非線性變形量。

航帶平差所用觀測量有相對偏差量(Relative offsets)及絕對偏差量(Absolute offsets)，相對偏差量意指不同航帶之共軛區塊差異量，絕對偏差量則是共軛區塊與地面控制點間的差異，實驗模擬資料兩種偏差量，測試各模型分別在不同的航帶重疊度、控制點分佈情況對於系統誤差之改正情形，以及使用光達掃瞄所得的點雲資料作為虛擬控制點之效果，最後使用由Leica ALS50空載雷射掃瞄以所收集之實際空載資料測試高程平差模型之結果。

An airborne LIDAR system is an integration of laser scanner, GPS, and INS. Precise installation and calibration are required to obtain accurate positioning data. Evident systematic errors tend to occur whenever the calibrated parameters are not up to date or not accurate. To deal with this problem, strip adjustment has been developed as a post processing of airborne LIDAR data to reduce systematic errors. Based on observed systematic discrepancies between overlapped strips, strip adjustment solves parameters of error pattern to absorb systematic errors.

The paper compares and analyses several mathematics models of LIDAR strip adjustment including height linear model, height non-linear model, three-dimension linear model, and three-dimension non-linear model. When only elevation discrepancies are detected, strip adjustment using height models is proposed. If 3D discrepancies are detected, strip adjustment using 3D models is suggested. Non-linear model add second order parameter to absorb non-linear error.

Observations used for the adjustment can be divided into relative offsets and absolute offsets. Relative offsets are the differences of coordinates in overlapped strips. Absolute offsets are the differences of coordinates in strip and on the ground. This paper uses a set of simulated data to show the improvements of overlapped strips, the distribution of control points and using the conjugate points be pseudo control points. Tests will also be performed on a set of real data to demonstrate the improvements of data accuracy resulted from strip adjustment using various models.

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