目的：多指症為一肌肉骨骼系統先天性畸形之疾病，而過去研究對於患有先天性疾病、身心障礙或是具有慢性身體病況的嬰幼兒或兒童，多集中於其帶來的負面影響上。例如，照顧者升高的親職壓力、家庭系統的負擔增加、不利於孩童的正常發展，以及照顧者罹患心理疾病的風險增加等。對於家庭如何走過疾病適應歷程之研究也較側重於社會福利與醫療，而照顧者或家庭本身之因應方式、復原力與韌性則較少著墨。故本研究將針對多指症嬰幼兒家長於疾病適應歷程中所經歷之壓力源，以及其面對壓力時展現之正向因應技巧、心理調適策略進行探討，發展能協助家長成功適應疾病之心理調適策略架構。
方法：本研究經台灣南部某醫學中心人體試驗委員會審核通過，編號 B-BR-107-004，採立意取樣並經資深小兒骨科專科醫師確診後，轉介9名多指症嬰幼兒家長作為研究參與者。於隱蔽空間內個別進行以多指症嬰幼兒家長疾病適應為主題之半結構式深度訪談，並以建構主義的紮根理論作為分析派典進行資料分析。
結果：9份文本資料中，共標定出1233筆意義單元（全距為60至238）。以建構主義的紮根理論分析後，萃取出665筆概念化、144筆次範疇、29筆主範疇、7個面向，以及2種核心主軸。2大核心主軸分別為情緒歷程軸與醫療決策軸，其中「情緒歷程」軸有四個主要面向，分別為內源性正向情緒、外源性正向情緒、內源性負向情緒，以及外源性負向情緒，共十七個內涵。「醫療決策」軸有三個主要面向，分別為執行功能、非醫療資源，以及醫療專業資源，共十二個內涵。
討論：多指症嬰幼兒家長進行醫療決策時，除了需要疾病資訊相關的靜態資源外，尚需依賴其良好的執行功能將靜態資源進行妥善運用。此與過去研究結果互相呼應，即執行功能會影響個體因應策略的選擇，執行功能較佳的個體傾向採用較具適應性的因應策略。而在疾病適應與擬定醫療決策的過程中，家長情緒上會隨著許多外在與內在因素而有高低起伏，而在此過程中除了被動接受之外，重要的是家長能主動使用正向的因應策略，以展現復原力並保有較佳的心理安適感。過去研究也指出較佳的心理安適感(well-being)與採用正向的因應策略有關。因此若能明確標定出多指症嬰幼兒家長自身優勢之執行功能，引導其採用較具適應性且正向的因應策略，以及找出影響情緒起伏的關鍵內外在因素，降低其於扮演親職角色時的壓力感受，便能使其有較佳的疾病適應歷程。

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