人類文明的高速發展依賴能源大量地使用，伴隨溫室氣體進入大氣導致極端氣候議題是當今社會所面臨嚴峻挑戰。天然氣做為目前所認知相對乾淨的化石燃料而逐漸做為電力產業發電來源，但其蘊含具有強腐蝕性及高毒性的硫化氫將會導致金屬管線及設備的嚴重腐蝕及人體及環境的嚴重危害。因此需要在硫化氫的精煉過程進行脫硫的程序，將硫化氫從天然氣中分離至水溶液當中，避免機具腐蝕及相關環境問題。目前除硫技術有生物滴濾法、化學氧化法、微曝氣、吸附法及鹼金屬硫化物沉澱法，但是評估能量消耗及二次副產物等相缺點，因此需要發展一項新的技術來處理硫化物。流體化床均質結晶技術是新世代的水處理技術，不僅能夠將水質進行淨化，更能夠以均質結晶形式回收溶液中的有用物質，同時達到水處理及資源回收之目的。流體化床均質結晶技術不須額外導入氧氣及加溫，相對於生物滴濾法、化學氧化法、微曝氣、吸附法更加節省能源；相對於傳統金屬硫化物沉澱法，不僅保留快速相分離的優勢，更是解決傳統化學混凝沉澱法產生含水率高污泥的二次副產物的缺點；相對於金屬硫化物的流體化床均質結晶技術不僅能夠將硫酸包含鹼金屬硫化物沉澱法的快速相分離的優勢，更是解決傳統化學混凝沉澱法生成高含水量污泥的缺點，以回收低含水量的毫米級結晶顆粒來廢水中的硫化物。
本研究流程為沉澱劑選擇、氫硫酸溶液的混凝沉澱研究、氫硫酸溶液於流體化床均質結晶參數變因及最終的固體回收物分析。沉澱劑對於氫硫酸水溶液具有不同的處理效率。結果顯示鋅做為沉澱劑對於氫硫酸水溶液具有最佳的處理效果，其他沉澱劑硫效率依序為鎳>鐵>鈣>鋁。因此第一部分為鋅做為沉澱劑具有氫硫酸反應性佳、其硫化鋅穩定性高及較低環境影響特性適合做為沉澱劑使用；第二部分為鎳做為沉澱劑具有氫硫酸反應性佳、氫硫酸的專一性及硫化鎳穩定性高特性適合做為沉澱劑使用。
第一部份利用鋅做為混凝劑對氫硫酸溶液的混凝沉澱及硫化鋅回收。初始氫硫酸濃度為1000 mg/L(31.25 mM)，探討在pH 3.0-11.0條件、鋅硫比([Zn]0 /[S]0) = 0.5-2.0及共存離子的研究。研究結果顯示在pH 7.0條件、[Zn]0 /[S]0 = 1.0的條件能夠將硫濃度降至2.7 mg/L，達到99.8%硫去除率，但是有機物的共存離子(檸檬酸及EDTA)會與鋅反應導致去除率下降並且會產生許多細小的懸浮顆粒。流體化床均質結晶技術在pH為5.4、[Zn]0 /[S]0 = 1.0及截面負荷為2.2 kg/m2h的條件下，硫化物的總去除率、硫化物結晶率及總硫剩餘濃度分別為98.8、97.8%及10.7 mg/L，並且Log Sinlet ≤ 2.1能使得均質結晶系統能有效進行，並且回收的固體副產物為硫化鋅均質顆粒。
第二部分則是利用鎳做為混凝劑對氫硫酸溶液的混凝沉澱及硫化鎳回收。初始氫硫酸濃度為1000 mg/L(31.25 mM)，探討在pH 7.0-11.0條件、鎳硫比([Ni]0/ [S]0 )= 0.6-1.4及共存離子的研究。研究結果顯示在pH 10.0、[Ni]0/ [S]0 = 1.0的條件能夠將硫濃度降至0.2 mg/L ，達到99.98%硫去除率，但是有機物的共存離子(檸檬酸及EDTA)亦會與鎳先行反應降低混凝反應的效率。在pH 9.8 ± 0.3、[Ni]0/ [S]0 = 0.8、LS = 0.21 kg/m2h、水力停留時間為15分鐘、床高為25公分及回流比為15.2的條件之下，總硫去除效率、硫結晶率及總鎳溶解性濃度分別為的97.3%、96.7%及1.5 mg/L，透過並且回收的固體副產物為硫化鎳混合物(NiS/Ni3S4)。流體化床均質結晶技術對硫化鎳系統得到最小表面負荷量(minimum surface loading)、臨界表面負載量(critical surface loading) 及最大表面負載量(maximum surface loading) 分別為0.11、96.2及 128.5 ×10-6 M/m2h。
FBHC相較於化學沉澱法能夠減少86.0%的處理成本，並且以電力計算二氧化碳排放減量能夠減少87.6%的二氧化碳排放量。同時利用水力條件區分系統為未飽和區、介穩區、異相成核及均相成核區。

This study aims to achieve three objectives: (i) recovering sulfide as nickel sulfide zinc sulfide granulated pellets from a solution using FBHC, (ii) optimizing the values of the operating parameters of the FBHC system, including effluent pH, precipitant dosage, and sulfur cross-sectional loading, to achieve optimal operating conditions. For zinc part, pH 5.4, [Zn]0/ [S]0 = 1.0, and a cross-sectional load of 2.2 kg/m2h in the FBHC system, the total removal rate, crystallization ratio, and total residual concentration of sulfide are 98.8%, 97.8%, and 10.7 mg/L, respectively.; For nickel part, the conditions of pH 9.8 ± 0.3, [Ni]0/[S]0 = 0.8, a cross-sectional load (LS) of 0.21 kg/m2h, hydraulic retention time of 15 minutes, bed height of 25 cm, and a reflux ratio of 15.2. The results indicated a removal rate of 97.3%, a crystallization ratio of 96.7%, and a total residual sulfide concentration of 1.5 mg/L. Additionally, (iii) the FBHC technology was employed to interpret the system state using surface loading, demonstrating an 86% reduction in waste treatment costs compared to chemical precipitation.

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