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研究生： 林鼎鈞
Lin, Ding-Chung
論文名稱： 車輛使用酒精汽油對臺南地區臭氧濃度變化影響研究
A Simulation Study of the Vehicles using Ethanol Fuel Impact Ozone Concentrations in Tainan
指導教授： 蔡俊鴻
Tsai, Jiun-Horng
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 環境工程學系
Department of Environmental Engineering
論文出版年： 2013
畢業學年度： 101
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 149
中文關鍵詞： 酒精汽油 、臭氧 、三維網格模式 、臭氧敏感性物種
外文關鍵詞： Gasohol, Ozone Three-dimensional grid pattern, Ozone-sensitive species
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    • 南臺灣地區臭氧污染仍待改善，如何有效控管臭氧前驅物排放以有效降低臭氧濃度乃極重要任務，移動源油品策略乃為可思考方向。本研究探討推動酒精汽油策略以改善臭氧污染潛在效果；以臺南地區為研究範圍，設定使用不同比例酒精汽油之排放情境，應用空氣品質模式(CMAQ) 模擬臭氧濃度，比對解析臭氧污染差異。本研究使用Mobile6.2模式，收集臺南地區行車資料，推估各種汽油車輛使用不同油品(G95、E3、E15) 之空氣污染物排放係數，代入路網網格建立排放量空間分佈，應用CMAQ空氣品質模式，模擬不同季節(以民國96年1、4、7、10月代表)各一周時段之臭氧濃度逐時變化，以分析汽油車輛使用酒精汽油排放空氣污染物對臺南地區臭氧濃度之影響。
    研究結果顯示，汽油車輛使用E3和E15將導致東臺南地區臭氧濃度增量，於臨海區域臭氧濃度降低；北臺南區域夏季臭氧濃度明顯增加5~7ppb；臺南東區域鄰接高雄市區而於秋季臭氧濃度上升。在車輛高密度都會中心區域(舊臺南市區) ，臭氧最大值及平均濃度於各季節皆呈輕徵下降(1~2%)現象。在臺南地區推動酒精汽油，多數區域(52~100%)臭氧平均濃度皆呈現改善趨勢，大部分區域(63~100%)於臭氧事件日之臭氧濃度最大值亦降低。比較不同參配比例酒精汽油(E3、E15) 之效果；使用E15對臭氧改善效果比使用E3為佳(增加約2%)，秋季臭氧平均濃度則會微輻增高3~5%左右。模式模擬案例結果顯示，使用E3或E15，於各季節都可降低臺南都會中心區域於事件日期間之臭氧最大值，可減低臭氧濃度逾越空氣品質標準之頻率。

    This study has been conducted to investigate the potential impact on ozone pollution by introducing the ethanol-blended gasoline in Tainan City. Mobile 6.2 was used to estimate the local traffic information and the G95, E3, E15 gasoline were used by all vehicle categories which were used to estimate the grid emission map. An air quality modeling to simulate ozone concentration for one week duration in each season on 2007 to analyze using E3 and E15 gasohol for gasoline vehicles for Tainan ozone concentration and control the direction of the impact of ozone pollution. In addition to discussing Tainan gasohol policy impact, the other will be discussed in April and October gasohol policy on the impact of high concentrations of ozone.
    The results showed that alcohol gasoline strategy will increase ozone concentrations in the eastern Tainan, ozone concentration in the coastal area will reduce; ozone concentrations in the north regional would significantly increase with 5 ~ 7ppb in summer. The maximum and average concentrations of ozone in downtown area with high-density vehicle would slightly decrease (1-2%) in each season. Promoting ethanol gasohol would improve the average concentration of ozone in most regions (52 to 100%) and the maximum ozone concentration in most of the regions (63 to 100%) would also be decreased. The effect of using E15 improve the ratio of ozone increase of about 2% on E3, but will increase the average concentration of 3-5% on autumn. The study indicates that appling alcohol-gasoline in Tainan City could reduce the maximum ozone concentration in most areas and reduce the occurrence potential of ozone episode event.

    摘要 I Abrast II 致謝 III 總目錄 IV 圖目錄 VII 表目錄 XI 第一章 前言 1-1 1-1研究緣起 1-1 1-2 研究目的 1-2 第二章 文獻回顧 2-1 2-1酒精汽油政策及發展 2-1 2-1-1國內外酒精汽油發展趨勢 2-1 2-1-2利用模式評估酒精汽油臭氧生成潛勢 2-4 2-2臺南地區及臭氧污染生成趨勢特性 2-10 2-2-1臺南地理氣候介紹 2-10 2-2-2臺南市臭氧濃度趨勢 2-13 2-2-3臺南地區移動污染源趨勢分析 2-16 2-3臭氧污染模式模擬模式概述 2-17 2-3-1 排放係數推估 2-17 2-3-2氣象場 2-19 2-3-3 Model-3/CMAQ簡介 2-21 2-3-4 臺灣地區臭氧模式之發展 2-31 2-4網格模式應用於臭氧敏感性物種之研究 2-34 2-4-1光化指標介紹於網格模式發展研究 2-34 2-4-2光化指標原理介紹 2-36 第三章 研究方法 3-1 3-1研究架構 3-1 3-2情境設定 3-3 3-3 Model-3/CMAQ 空氣品質模式模擬參數設定 3-5 3-3-1 MM5氣象場設定 3-5 3-3-2 CCTM模組設定 3-9 3-4臺南地區汽油車排放量推估處理 3-12 3-4-1 MOBILE6.2排放係數推估 3-12 3-4-2 SMOKE排放量處理 3-14 3-5 Model-3/CMAQ模式驗證 3-16 3-5-1模式模擬性能評估 3-16 3-5-2模式結果準確性分析 3-17 3-6使用酒精汽油對空氣品質影響分析 3-19 3-7酒精汽油政策響之臭氧光化指標分析 3-21 第四章 結果與討論 4-1 4-1空氣污染物排放量設定與分析 4-1 4-1-1境外排放源 4-1 4-1-2酒精汽油排放量推估 4-1 4-1-3各油品排放係數推估比較 4-2 4-1-4小結 4-4 4-2空氣品質模式模擬驗證 4-16 4-2-1氣象場模式驗證 4-16 4-2-2時間序列圖比對 4-17 4-2-3小結 4-17 4-3臺南行車型態對模式模擬當地臭氧影響解析(情境一、二) 4-26 4-3-1空間分布之模擬結果比較 4-26 4-3-2時間序列之模擬結果比較 4-26 4-3-3小結 4-30 4-4酒精汽油政策對臺南地區空氣品質衝擊分析(情境一、三、四) 4-48 4-4-1 以時間序列圖探討使用不同酒精汽油對臺南地區空氣品質衝擊 4-48 4-4-2汽油車使用酒精汽油對臺南地區臭氧濃度之影響 4-49 4-4-3 小結 4-51 4-5酒精汽油策略對臺南地區光化指標之定量及變異分析(情境一、三、四) 4-64 4-5-1使用酒精汽油減量VOCs 排放對於O3 濃度之影響 4-64 4-5-2光化指標分析 4-64 第五章 結論 5-1 5-1 結論 5-1 5-2 建議 5-3 參考文獻 Ref-1

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