背景：2020年初COVID-19於全球蔓延，不僅威脅到人類生命安全，也對人們心理健康帶來負面影響，孕婦屬易受傷害族群，疫情對其造成的威脅不容小覷。健康信念模式強調個體感受到疾病的威脅以及有益的健康行為或信念，可預測其採取健康行為的可能性。然而，目前國內針對COVID-19疫情期間，探討孕婦的健康信念、對其的預防照護行為以及身心健康相關的研究仍較缺乏。
目的：本研究旨在探討台灣孕婦對COVID-19之健康信念、COVID-19自我照護行為、與身心健康三者間相互之關係。
方法：本研究為次級資料分析，資料來源為某一探討COVID-19 疫情對孕產婦衝擊之縱貫性研究。本研究採用其第一次收案共218位孕婦之資料，研究工具包含孕產婦對COVID-19健康信念調查、COVID-19自我照護效能量表、健康調查量表、簡式健康量表。資料分析以SPSS 22.0 與AMOS 24版統計軟體進行描述性統計與結構方程模型分析。
成果：本研究共納入 218 位孕婦，平均年齡為 34.11 歲(範圍：21-45)，多數為經產婦(53.7%)；第三妊娠期孕婦(54.1%)。COVID-19健康信念之項目平均分數為3.29； COVID-19自我照護行為之項目平均分數為8.42；生理健康和心理健康之項目平均分數分別為3.53、0.72，顯示有良好的 COVID-19自我照護行為和心理健康，平均至良好的COVID-19健康信念和生理健康。結構方程模型顯示，COVID-19健康信念對其自我照護行為有影響（路徑係數：0.24，p <0.5），對健康亦有影響（路徑係數：0.98，p <0.001）；產次對自我照護行為有影響（路徑係數：0.17，p<0.5）；高危險妊娠對其健康有影響（路徑係數：-0.22，p <0.001）。原始模型的適配度為TLI: 0.78，CFI: 0.82，RMSEA: 0.07，而修改後的模型為TLI: 0.904，CFI: 0.93，RMSEA: 0.06。
結論：與COVID-19相關的健康信念對孕婦在COVID-19疫情期間的自我照護行為和健康都有影響。醫護人員可藉由改善孕婦的健康信念，以提高其身心健康，特別是對於高危險妊娠的婦女。

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only threatened human lives but also significantly impacted mental health, especially among vulnerable groups like pregnant women. Understanding the relationship between health beliefs, COVID-19-related self-care behaviors, and overall health is crucial for effective intervention strategies. This study aimed to examine these relationships among pregnant women.
Conducted as a secondary data analysis, the study utilized data from a longitudinal project investigating COVID-19's impact on pregnant women. A total of 218 pregnant women were included, primarily in the third trimester (54.1%), with an average age of 34.11 years. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 24, employing descriptive statistics, Spearman’s and Pearson correlation, and structural equation modeling.
The findings revealed that health beliefs significantly influenced both COVID-19-related self-care behaviors (path coefficients= 0.24, p<0.05) and overall health (path coefficients= 0.98, p<0.001). Additionally, parity impacted self-care behavior (path coefficients= 0.17, p<0.05), while high-risk pregnancy negatively affected women’s health (path coefficients= -0.22, p<0.001). The modified model demonstrated a good fit (TLI= 0.904, CFI= 0.93, RMSEA= 0.06).
This study underscores the importance of assessing health beliefs, self-care behavior, and health status in pregnant women, suggesting healthcare providers can integrate these assessments into prenatal clinics. Tailored interventions aimed at pregnant women with lower health beliefs may enhance COVID-19 self-care behaviors, particularly among those with high-risk pregnancies. These findings emphasize the necessity of comprehensive care and support during pregnancy.

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