Delivering durable asphalt concrete within a reasonable cost is one of the great ambitions of pavement material engineers. One of the efforts is to apply performance-related specifications to evaluate and ensure mixture performance and durability from asphalt mixture design until construction. Theoretically, lab mixing and lab compaction specimens aim to replicate the field conditions that is expected to have similar performance to the field compact specimen. However, they still might be differences in compaction temperature, compaction pattern, and compaction energy etc. Moreover, there is little studies have shown the impact of above compaction factors to the performance of asphalt concrete. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of various compaction-related factors on the performance of asphalt concrete. These factors included compaction scenario, compaction temperature, and mix characteristics. The research was conducted using a single aggregate source and a Polymer Modified Asphalt (PMA) binder, incorporating three different gradations. Two initial compaction temperatures, 170°C (TH) and 155°C (TL), were applied during the compaction process. Additionally, two distinct compaction scenarios, Continuous Compaction Scenario (S1) and Staged Compaction Scenario (S2), were implemented to compact the samples. In total, 12 mixtures were developed, taking these compaction factors into account. The performance of the asphalt mixes was evaluated using the IDEAL-RT test to measure rutting and the IDEAL-CT test to assess cracking. Additionally, the internal shear resistance and energy consumption during compaction were measured. The results of this study revealed that gradation significantly affects the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures. Notably, gradation exhibited a more substantial impact compared to temperature and compaction scenarios when the samples shared similar density levels. Additionally, Fine-graded mixes demonstrate superior compaction characteristics, requiring fewer gyrations to reach the target density and exhibiting lower internal shear resistance compared to coarse and medium-graded mixes. Fine-graded mixes consume approximately 58-60% less compaction energy than coarse and medium-graded mixes. Moreover, Lower compaction temperatures were observed to increase resistance during compaction due to higher asphalt binder viscosity. Consequently, more gyrations were needed to attain the desired density compared to higher compaction temperatures. Additionally, lower compaction temperatures (from 170°C to 155°C) resulted in an increase in energy consumption of approximately 44-46%. Furthermore, The two compaction scenarios, Continuous Compaction and Staged Compaction, demonstrated differences in the number of gyrations required to achieve the target density. The Staged Compaction, which involves cooling and resuming the compaction process, requires 23% more gyrations than continuous compaction to achieve the target density. The study also emphasizes the importance of maintaining consistent air void content for optimal mix performance. Mixes with equal target density demonstrated similar performance characteristics, including rutting and cracking resistance. The statistical analysis confirmed a strong correlation between aggregate gradation and cracking and rutting resistance. In contrast, compaction temperature and compaction scenarios exhibited minimal impact within the specific range examined in this study.

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