旗山斷層為台灣南部主要縱向斷層之一，斷層線呈東北－西南走向，為具左移分量之高角度逆斷層。斷層由高雄縣三民鄉經杉林、甲仙、旗山至燕巢，長度約70公里。中國石油公司台探總處（1992）的地質圖顯示旗山斷層將早更新世之二重溪層錯移，卻未切穿上覆晚更新世臺地堆積物；依據經濟部中央地質調查所發行臺灣地區活動斷層個述中所述；由衛星影像判釋結果指出旗山線形與旗山斷層吻合，且向西南延伸至半屏山構造及壽山構造的北側，本斷層的活動時代不明確，暫列為存疑性活動斷層。
　　為分析斷層滑移速率與地形變動，勢必要知道監測點的水平與垂直的滑移方向及位移量；本研究主要是結合2002、2004、2005精密水準測量（垂直方向）對同一觀測區域的重複觀測數據與台灣南部地區1995-2005年GPS資料（水平方向），採用統計誤差分析原理，以觀測數據，透過系統誤差修正模式，估計系統誤差改正值，分析水準測線經過旗山斷層地表起伏及精密水準測量誤差特性進行比對分析。
　　由衛星定位監測台灣南部地區1995-2005年GPS資料（水平方向）監測到跨旗山斷層GPS水平速度場變化量為16.82 mm/yr近乎均勻的逆時鐘旋轉顯示，旗山斷層南段具有斷層潛移的特性，向西跨越旗山斷層，速度場會逐漸調整以適應碰撞帶之應力狀態。根據由2002-2005精密水準測量數據（垂直方向），跨旗山斷層之抬升速率為20 mm/yr，可證明旗山斷層確為有高度活動之現象。

　The Chishan fault is a major NE-SW-striking high-angle reverse fault with left-lateral component in southern Taiwan. The fault length is about 70 km, passing through the Sanmin, Shanlin, Jiasian, Chishan, and Yanchao in Kaohsiung County. The geological map published by CPC Exploration and Production Business Division indicates that the Chishan fault shifts the early Pleistocene Erchungchi Formation. However it does not cut through the late Pleistocene formation. Based on the researches of active faults by the Central Geological Survey, the Chishan lineament inferred from satellite image is consistent with the Chishan fault, extending southwestward to the Panpingshan discontinuity and north of the Shoushan structure. Because the rupture time of the last earthquake associated with this fault is unclear, the Chishan fault is regarded as a suspected active fault.
　To estimate the fault slip rate on the Chishan fault and to analyze the crustal deformation in southern Taiwan, it is necessary to recognize the surface horizontal displacements and vertical uplift rates on each monitoring station. In this study, we used repeated precisely leveling measurement data across the Chishan fault in 2002, 2004, and 2005. We also collected GPS horizontal data from 1995 to 2005 in southern Taiwan. We adopted the principal of statistics analysis to estimate the corrections of systematic errors for leveling data according to the leveling systematic error theory. Then we analyzed the leveling data across the Chishan fault and comprehended the characteristics of the precisely leveling measurement errors.
　GPS horizontal velocity field shows a homogeneous counterclockwise rotation pattern with about 16.82 mm/yr across the Chishan fault based on the GPS data from 1995 to 2005 in southern Taiwan. The southern segment of Chishan fault reveals the shallow part of fault is creeping. To the west of the fault, velocity field generally adjusts to accommodate the stress regime of collision zone. In terms of the leveling data from 2002 to 2005, the uplift rate of 20 mm/yr across the Chishan fault proves the high-degree activity phenomenon of the Chishan fault.

中央地質調查所年報，經濟部中央地質調查所編印，第126-136頁，2003。
內政部，一等水準測量作業規範，台北，2001。
余輝龍、施輝煌、黃春盛、何智剛、曾寶樹，台南縣龍船及高雄縣坑內、小滾水構造重點地質核查報告，中油內部報告，1990。
何春蓀，台灣地質概論第二板-台灣地質圖說明書，經濟部中央地質調查所出版，1964。
李彥弘、劉啟清，精密水準測量鐵墊滑動誤差之探討，第七屆測量學術及應用研討會論文集，第G201-G211頁，1988。
林啟文、張徽正、盧詩丁、石同生、黃文正，台灣活動斷層概論，第二版。經濟部中央地質調查所，共122頁，2000。
孫習之、施垚鑫，高雄縣大崗山至鳳山區間地質調查報告，中油內部報告，1960。
徐慶雲，台南縣坑內、龍船及高雄縣小滾水構造地質核查報告，中油內部報告，1975。
國立成功大學，一等一級水準網測量督導查核工作總報告書，台南，2001。
陳志雄、吳樂群、王源，高雄地區旗山斷層兩側地層年代之探討，地質，第37-56頁，1993。
張家鳳，旗山斷層之淺層震測探勘，國立成功大學地球科學研究所碩士論文，2005。
張嘉強，精密水準測量中重力與大氣折射之系統誤差研究，國立成功大學測量工程研究所碩士論文，台南，1987
曾清涼、楊名、劉啟清、余致義、林宏麟，一等一級水準網測量督導查核工作總報告書，國立成功大學，台南，2001。
曾清涼、儲慶美，GPS衛星測量原理與應用，國立成功大學衛星資訊研究中心，1999。
詹海波，以GPS觀測量估算嘉南地區1996-2000年間之地殼變形，國立中央大學地球物理研究所碩士論文，2000。
劉啟清，台灣地區驗潮站長期監測資料之計算及高程基準網之建立工作，中央研究院地球科學研究所專題研究計畫成果報告，台北，1998。
劉啟清，精密水準測量之系統誤差。第五屆測量學術及應用研討會論文集，第F1-F25頁，1986。
鄭宏祺，台灣西南部台南至屏東地區地質構造之研究，中央大學應用地質研究所碩士論文，2000。
蘇哲民，TWVD2001一等水準觀測資料之系統誤差分析，國立成功大學測量工程學系碩士論文，2003。
鐘廣吉，高雄縣崗山與旗山間丘陵區的地質與地形景觀，應用地球科學學術研討會論文集，第259-268頁，1988。
Angelier, J., E. Barrier, and H. T. Chu（1986）, Plate collision paleostress trajec- tories in a fold-thrust belt: the foothills of Taiwan, Tectonophysics, 125, 161-178.
Burchfiel, B., and J. Stewart.（1966）, Pull-apart origin of the central segmement of Death Valley, California. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 77, 439-442.
Bomford, G. Geodesy（1980）, Oxford University Press, New York.
Christie-Blick, N., and K. Biddle（1985）,Deformation and basin formation along strike-slip faults. Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral. Spec. Publ. 37, 1-34.
Craymer, M. R.（1984）, Data series analysis and systematic effects in leveling, Survey Science Technical Report No.3, University of Toronto, Ontario.
Deffontaines, B., J. C. Lee, J. Angelier, J. Carvalho, and J. P. Rudant（1994）,New morphoneotectonic data in Taiwan: analyses of digital elevationtion model, SPOT and Radar image, and geodynamic implication. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20,243-20,266.
Deffontaines, B., O. Lacombe, J. Angelier, H. T. Chu, F. Mouthereau, C. T. Lee, J. Deramond, J. F. Lee, M. S. Yu, and P. M. Liew（1997）,Quaternary transfer faulting in Taiwan foothills: evidence from a multisource approach. Tectonophysics, 274, 1-3, 61-82.
Dong, D., T. A. Herring, and R. W. King （1998）,Estimating regional deforma-tion from a combination of space and terrestrial geodetic data. J. Geod., 72, 200-214.
Feigl, K., R. W. King, and T. H. Jordan（1990）,Geodetic measurement of tectonic deformation in the Santa Maria Fold and Thrust Belt, California, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 2679-2699.
Ho, C. S.（1986）A synthesis of the geologic evolution of Taiwan. Tectonophysics, 125, 1-16.
Ho, C. S.（1986）,Geological map of Taiwan, Cent. Geol. Surv.
Hu, J. C., and J. Angelier（1996）, Odelling of stress-deformation relationship in a collision belt, Taiwan, TAO, 7, 447-465.
Hu, J. C., J. Angelier, and S. B. Yu（1997）, An interpretation of the active defor-mation of southern Taiwan based on numerical simulation and GPS studies, Tectonophysics, 274, 145-170.
Hu, J. C., C. S. Hou, L. C. Shen, Y. C. Chan, R. F. Chen, C. Huang, R. J. Rau, C. W. Lin, M. H. Huang, and P. F. Nien（2004）, Fault activity and lateral extrusion inferred from velocity field revealed by GPS measurements in the Pingtung area of southwestern Taiwan. J. Asian Earth Sci., in press.
Hung, J. H., D. V. Wiltschko, H. C. Lin, J. H. Hickman, P. Fang, and Y. Bock（1999）, Structure and motion of the southwestern Taiwan fold and thrust belt. TAO, 10, 543-568.
Lacombe, O., F. Mouthereau, J. Angelier, and B. Deffontaines（2001）, Structural, geodetic and seismological evidence for tectonic escape in SW Taiwan. Tectonophysics, 333, 323-345.
Lu, C. Y., F. S. Jeng, K. J. Chang, and W. T. Jian（1998）, Impact of Basement High on the structure and kinematics of the Western Taiwan Thrust Wedge: insights from sandbox models. TAO, 9, 533-550.
Meng, C. Y.（1967）, The structure development of the southern half of western Taiwan, Petrol, Geol. Taiwan, 10, 77-82.
Mouthereau, F., O. Lacombe, B. Deffontaines, J. Angelier, and S. Brusset（2001）, Deformation history of the southwestern Taiwan foreland thrust belt: insights from tectono-sedimentary analyses and balanced cross-Section. Tectonophysics, 333, 293-322.
Peacock, D. C. P., and D. J. Sanderson（1995）, Pull-apart, shear fractures and pressure solution. Tectonophysics, 241, 1-13.
Rahe, B., D. A. Ferrill, and A. P. Morris（1998）, Physical analog modeling of pull-apart basin evolution. Tectonophysics, 285, 21-40,.
Suppe, J.（1984）, Kinematics of arc-continent collision, flipping of subduction, and back-arc spreading near Taiwan. Mem. Geol. Soc. China, 6, 21-34.
Schomaker, M. C. and R. M. Berry（1981）, Geodetic leveling, NOS/NOAA, Rockville,Maryland.
Teng, L. S.（1990）, Geotectonic evolution of late Cenozoic arc-continent collision in Taiwan. Tectonophysics, 183, 57-76.
Tsai, Y. B.（1986）, Seismotectonics of Taiwan. Tectonophysics, 125, 17-37.
Wells, D. L., and K. J. Coppersmith（1994）, New empirical relationships among magnitude, rupturelenth, rupture width, rupture area, and surface displacement. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 84, 974-1002.
Yu, S. B. and H. Y. Chen（1998）, Strain accumulation in Southwestern Taiwan. TAO, 9, 1, 31-50.
Yu, S. B., H.Y. Chen, and L.C. Kuo（1997）, Velocity field of GPS stations in the Taiwan area: Tectonophysics, 274, 41-59.
Yen, T. P., and Tien, P. L.（1986）, Chaochou fault in southern Taiwan. Proc. Geol. Soc. China, 29, 9-22.