獠牙和爪子是蜘蛛捕食及在各類環境移動的重要工具，為了成功捕獲獵物和應對生活中會遇到的問題，這些工具應有一些型態及強度上的差異，但不同科蜘蛛的獠牙和爪子的形態及機械性質差異尚未有太多的研究。在本研究中，我們測量了7個科共24種蜘蛛4對腳上兩根爪子的形態數據，得到了爪長、弧度、梳狀構造的面積以及爪子的齒數。除此之外，我們還藉由奈米壓痕技術測量跳蛛科及長腳蛛科共10種物種的獠牙和爪子的機械性質，包含楊氏模量及硬度，並計算出抗磨度。在科間和科內，爪子的形態皆有所不同，如:非織網型蜘蛛的爪子會比織網型蜘蛛的爪子還長、兩爪蜘蛛的爪子會比三爪蜘蛛來的彎、沒有爪簇的非織網蜘蛛會有比較大面積的梳狀構造以及在一些科中的前腳爪子會比後腳爪子有更多的齒數，這些形態特徵或許和不同蜘蛛的不同爪子所提供的生態功能有所關聯。根據奈米壓痕測量的結果，我們發現獠牙的所有機械性質只在跳蛛科中會和身體大小呈線性相關，這或許暗示了跳蛛科比長腳蛛科更重視獠牙的強度，而棲息在人造建物的蜘蛛會比其他棲地的蜘蛛擁有更硬且耐磨的爪子，說明爪子的強度和蜘蛛的棲地類型有關。總結來說，我們對蜘蛛爪子的形態及機械性質、蜘蛛獠牙的機械性質進行研究，並發現了一些其與蜘蛛可能需要的生態功能的關聯，但完整的機制仍然需要後續的研究去發掘。

Fangs and claws are the important tools of spiders for predation and navigating various environments. To successfully capture prey and cope with the challenges encountered in their habitats, these tools must exhibit certain morphological and mechanical variations. However, there is still limited research on the differences in the morphology and mechanical properties of fangs and claws among different spider families. In this study, we determined the morphology of eight claws from 24 species belonging to 7 families, including claw length, curvature, secondary teeth area and teeth amounts. Additionally, we measured the mechanical properties of fangs and claws of 10 species from Salticidae and Tetragnathidae. The morphological traits of claws were varied with and within families, such as wandering spiders had longer claws than web-building spiders, three-claw spiders had blunter claws than Dionycha spiders, wandering spiders without claw tufts had larger secondary teeth area than others, and claws on anterior legs had more teeth in some families. These morphological traits might relate to needed functions of each spider and claw. In mechanical study, properties of fangs were significantly affected by body size only in Salticidae, that the strength of fangs seemed to be more important in Salticidae compared to Tetragnathidae, while properties of claws were highest in which lived in artificial structures, which meant them were attributed to habitats a lot. Consequently, we found preliminary concepts about morphological and mechanical adaptation of spider’s claws, and mechanical adaptation of spider’s fangs, but further studies about the complete mechanisms of fangs and claws are needed.

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