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研究生：	楊子毅 Yang, Tzu-Yi
論文名稱：	超導體NbSn2之單晶成長與物理性質研究 Crystal growth and physical properties of Superconductor NbSn2
指導教授：	呂欽山 Lue, Chin-Shan
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	理學院 - 物理學系 Department of Physics
論文出版年：	2025
畢業學年度：	113
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	115
中文關鍵詞：	單晶成長、超導體、傳輸性質、核磁共振
外文關鍵詞：	Single crystal growth, superconductor, transport properties, nuclear magnetic resonance
相關次數：	點閱：21 下載：0
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過渡金屬錫化物由於 s-d軌域的交互作用產生許多值得研究的物理現象。在Nb-Sn這個系統中，最具代表性的超導體Nb3Sn因其A15結構而產生特別的物理性質，在基礎研究與應用領域都展現極大的潛力。相較而言，NbSn2由於具備特別的熱力學性質，導致很難生長出大尺寸的單晶樣品，使其物理性質研究相當匱乏。目前文獻僅報導出其多晶樣品在溫度2.6 K展現了超導相變，以及少數的理論計算結果。
為了深入研究NbSn2的物理性質，我們使用新的方法－液相傳輸法，並成功獲得大尺寸的單晶樣品。由此方法生長的單晶樣品在X-ray繞射實驗中，展現非常高的結晶性。在物理性質的實驗中，磁化率與電阻率的量測結果皆在2.6K展現超導相變。進一步透過比熱與磁滯曲線分析其超導特性，確定NbSn2是第二型BCS超導體。在傳輸性質方面，我們量測其一般態的電阻率、磁阻、熱導率與熱電勢。從熱電勢的實驗結果中，觀察到電子主導的單能帶傳輸行為。結合其磁阻行為的分析，發現 NbSn2有溫度造成的載子變化。此外，我們還透過核磁共振研究⁹³Nb和¹¹⁹Sn周圍的電子結構，進行微觀尺度下的的分析。

The transition-metal stannides have attracted research interest due to their intriguing physical phenomena arising from the s–d orbital interactions. In the Nb–Sn system, the well-known superconductor Nb3Sn has shown great potential in both fundamental studies and practical applications due to its A15-type structure. In contrast, NbSn2 remains less explored because of its unique thermodynamic properties, which make it extremely difficult to grow large single crystals. To date, only a few theoretical calculations and a report on a polycrystalline sample showing a superconducting transition at 2.6 K have been published.
To enable further investigations into its physical properties, we successfully synthesized large single crystals of NbSn2 using a liquid transport method. X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed the high crystallinity of the crystals, further demonstrating the reliability of this method for single-crystal growth. Both magnetization and resistivity measurements consistently reveal a superconducting transition at 2.6 K. The analysis of the specific heat and magnetization hysteresis data confirms that NbSn2 is a conventional type-II BCS superconductor. To explore its normal-state transport properties, we carried out electrical resistivity, magnetoresistance, thermal conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient. A single-band transport dominated by electrons is observed by the Seebeck coefficient measurements. Combined with the analysis of magnetoresistance behavior, these results suggest a temperature-induced carrier variation in NbSn2. Moreover, ⁹³Nb and ¹¹⁹Sn nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements will be carried out to probe the electronic environment of each atoms.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS III
CONTENT IV
LIST OF TABLES VII
LIST OF FIGURES VIII
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1-1. History of superconductor 1
1-2. Motivation 5
2. THEORY 7
2-1. Superconductivity 7
2-1-1. Ginzburg-Landau theory 7
2-1-2. BCS theory 13
2-2. Specific heat 18
2-2-1. Electrical specific heat	18
2-2-2. Lattice specific heat 20
2-2-3. Specific heat in superconducting state 23
2-3. Electrical resistance 25
2-3-1. Parallel resistor model 27
2-4. Thermal conductivity 30
2-4-1. Lattice thermal conductivity 30
2-4-2. Electrical thermal conductivity 33
2-5. Seebeck coefficient 35
2-6. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 38
2-6-1. Hyperfine interaction 39
2-6-2. Quadrupole effect 40
2-6-3. Spin-lattice relaxation rate 41
3. CRYSTAL GROWTH 43
3-1. Introduction 43
3-2. Phase diagram 44
3-3. Flux method 45
3-4. Liquid transport 46
4. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 49
4-1. Sample characteristic 49
4-1-1. Powder x-ray diffraction 49
4-1-2. Single crystal x-ray diffraction 51
4-1-3. Laue x-ray diffraction 53
4-2. Physical property measurement system (PPMS) 54
4-2-1. Electrical resistivity measurement 54
4-2-2. Specific heat measurement 55
4-3. Magnetism measurement 57
4-4. Thermoelectric measurement 58
4-4-1. Thermal conductivity 59
4-4-2. Seebeck coefficient 60
4-5. Nuclear magnetism resonance 62
4-5-1. Spin-echo technique 63
4-5-2. Spin relaxation time measurement 64
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 66
5-1. Sample characteristic 66
5-2. Superconducting properties 68
5-2-1. Magnetic hysteresis loop 69
5-2-2. Specific heat 73
5-3. Transport properties 76
5-3-1. Electrical resistivity 76
5-3-2. Magnetoresistance 79
5-3-3. Thermal conductivity 81
5-3-4. Seebeck coefficient 82
5-4. Electrical structure 84
5-4-1. 93Nb NMR study 84
5-4-2. 119Sn NMR study 89
6. CONCLUSION 92
Appendix A: SCXRD results and IUCR report 93
Appendix B: Band structure and DOS 96
Appendix C: Lists of γ and A value for different materials 97
References 98
                                    

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