| 研究生: |
宋松錤 Sung, Sung-chi |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
醫院等候大廳音環境現況分析之研究 Study on Acoustic Characteristics for Hospital Lobbies |
| 指導教授: |
賴榮平
Lai, Rong-Ping |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
規劃與設計學院 - 建築學系 Department of Architecture |
| 論文出版年: | 2008 |
| 畢業學年度: | 96 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 139 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 背景噪音 、機械噪音 、語言清晰度 、醫院等候大廳 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | background noise, speech intelligibility, machine noise, the hospital lobbies |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:111 下載:6 |
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醫院為提供病人就醫、休息及療養的場所,等候大廳則為院內各單位使用者通過、等候之空間,而空間設計時為了視覺與維護之需求,常使用玻璃、石材等高反射性材質,易導致餘響時間過長、語言清晰度不佳等情形。然而,近年來醫院大型化趨勢及門診人數的增加,對於提供就醫病患休息等候之大廳,音環境品質值得探討。本研究以平日門診量龐大之醫學中心等候大廳為對象,調查其空間類型、表面裝修材質、使用現況與音環境品質,藉此瞭解目前國內醫院等候大廳之音環境現況,探討其適合之等候空間。
本研究具體成果可歸納成以下幾點:
一、醫院等候大廳門診時段之背景噪音(LAeq,10min)分佈在60~70 dB(A)之間,休診時段為50~58 dB(A),主要噪音源分為:1.機械噪音(廣播叫號、氣簾、電視播放、點矩陣式印表機、散熱風扇、果汁機、冷凍機);2.人為噪音(交談、步行、開關門、推車產生之振動及摩擦聲、小孩哭鬧);3.外部噪音(指揮吹哨聲、交通噪音)。
二、背景噪音(LAeq,10min)量測值中,有65%之量測點噪音值分佈在65 dB(A)以上,其主要因素為受到高分貝之機械噪音影響嚴重,如叫號廣播、氣簾運轉及電視播放聲等。
三、大廳之語言清晰度分佈在“不良~ 尚可(佔60~80%)~ 良好”等級,量測值不良比例較高(≧30%)之空間,主要受到背景噪音影響嚴重(LAeq,10min≧66 dB(A));而背景噪音控制在64 dB(A)以下且使用吸音天花板之空間(C1大廳),語言清晰度為”良好”之比例則提高到80%。
四、裝修材質的選用,於進行量測之大廳地坪及牆面大多為高反射性材質,如石材、玻璃及木料裝修,在天花板裝修材質則有68%使用高吸音率之礦纖板、穿孔金屬板,因此餘響時間(500 Hz)得以控制在0.85秒內(室容積2000 m3),天花板使用低吸音率材質之空間,餘響時間則分佈於1.2~1.8秒;但是天花板是否為吸音材質,對背景噪音之控制並不顯著。
五、空間規劃中,等候大廳常鄰接垂直動線(電梯、樓梯、手扶梯)或為水平動線所穿越(佔77%),因此易受到穿越通行使用(交談、腳步聲)及推車行進(振動、輪軸摩擦聲)所影響,導致空間背景噪音值提高。
六、等候空間設置商業使用時,易產生機械噪音之影響(冷凍機、果汁機、咖啡機等),且往來使用人潮之增加也會提高其背景噪音量,應考量商業使用類型或增設隔音措施。
Hospitals function as spaces for medical, rest and therapeutic use, whereas the hospital lobbies are spaces generally designed for people to pass or wait. To meet the need of vision and preservation, highly reflective materials like glass and stone are often utilized for interior design of hospital lobbies. However, it is the highly reflective materials that result in longer time of sound reflection and thus disturb the speech intelligibility. In view of the raising population of outpatients and the tendency of hospital to be large-scale, sound environment in hospital lobbies, spaces for patients to stay and rest, has become an important issue worth of discussing. Thus, this paper is aimed at researching the type of spaces, materials used for decorate, utilizing condition and sound environment quality in hospitals which receive large outpatient population. In doing so, this paper is meant to find out the sound environment quality of lobbies in domestic hospitals and furthermore, the satisfactory conditions of them.
The concrete results of the research are:
I.Background noise in hospital lobbies during the clinic hours is measured 60 to 70 dB(A), while during the non-clinic hour is between 50 to 58 dB(A). The main noise origins include: machine noise (announcing call, air door, television, dot matrix printer, fan, juicer, and freezer), human noise (talking, walking, door opening and closing, vibration and friction noise from pushing carts, children crying) and outdoor noise (whistle from traffic police and the traffic).
II.60 percent of the background noise is above 65 dB(A), which results from the high decibel noise generated by machines such as call announcing, working air curtain, and television.
III.The quality of the speech intelligibility in hospital lobbies is measured on the following scale: “poor”-- “average (60-80 percent) ”-- “good” level. Those who are at the bad level (≧30%)are primarily influenced by the background noise(LAeq,10min≧66 dB(A)). Those hospital lobbies which have their background noise below 64 dB(A) and equipped with noise absorption ceilings, make themselves 80% chance to reach good level of the speech intelligibility.
IV.Most of the hospital lobbies being measured utilize highly reflective materials to decorate the floor and wall, like stone, glass and wood. Yet, 68% of the lobbies use materials with high sound absorption proficiency, like ore filament ceiling and perforated steel panels, which thus make the reverberation time (500 Hz) under control (≦0.85 second/ V=2000 m3). While using the materials with low sound absorption proficiency, the reverberation time is around 1.2 to 1.8 second. However if it is the sound absorption materials do not matter too much to background noise control.
V.Hospital lobbies usually adjoin vertical route (elevator, escalator and stairs) or are penetrated by horizontal route(77% of lobbies), their background noise thereby tend to be louder because of passing (talking and steps) and cart pushing (vibration and friction of wheels).
VI.When the lobbies are also used for business sake, machine noises tend to be generated easily (freezer, juicer and coffee grinder) and the crowd would make noise, too. In this circumstance, considering the mode of business or setting noise absorption devices are suggested.
中文部份
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日文部份
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英文部份
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網站部份
I01. http://www.doh.gov.tw 行政院衛生署
I02. http://www.epa.gov.tw 行政院環保署
I03. http://www.tjcha.org.tw 財團法人醫院評鑑暨醫療品質策進會