本研究目的在瞭解不同海拔盤古蟾蜍（Bufo bankorensis）的胚胎及蝌蚪對高溫耐受的差異，以及造成差異的原因是由環境因子還是遺傳分化所導致。實驗分兩部份，第一部份比較阿里山與南仁山盤古蟾蜍胚胎及蝌蚪，在不同溫度下之存活率、發育速率及高溫耐受的差異；第二部份探討盤古蟾蜍蝌蚪臨界高溫在環境溫度改變時的改變速率及其是否會受到胚胎溫度歷史的影響。結果顯示，阿里山族群的總存活率隨溫度增加而下降；南仁山族群的總存活率在20 ℃後隨溫度增加而下降。雖然30 ℃時阿里山與南仁山盤古蟾蜍的總存活率為所有溫度中最差者，但胚胎存活率相當高。在15 ℃時阿里山族群的胚胎存活率最佳，但南仁山族群的胚胎存活率最差。隨溫度增加，蝌蚪發育速率會加快，以較短的蝌蚪期變態。在15與20 ℃時，阿里山族群的發育速率比南仁山族群慢，但在30 ℃時則相反。阿里山與南仁山盤古蟾蜍蝌蚪的臨界高溫（CTmax）表現主要受馴養溫度與發育期的影響，海拔之間並沒有顯著差異。馴養溫度每增加5 ℃，CTmax提高1 ℃左右。兩個海拔盤古蟾蜍蝌蚪的CTmax，在升溫時的改變速率均較降溫時快；由15 ℃升溫至20或25 ℃約2～3天，由25 ℃降溫至15 或20 ℃約7-14天。胚胎期經歷的溫度會影響蝌蚪期CTmax的表現，但此影響為可逆的。綜合來說，阿里山與南仁山盤古蟾蜍可能已有遺傳上的分化，使其胚胎及蝌蚪能適應不同海拔的溫度環境。

　　This study investigated heat tolerance and its plasticity in two altitudinal populations of larval Bufo bankorensis. In the first chapter, I compare survival, developmental rate, and critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of embryos and larvae of Bufo bankorensis from two altitudes at different temperatures. In the second chapter, I examine the rates of CTmax change upon thermal acclimation and the influence of embryonic thermal history on CTmax in larval Bufo bankorensis. Although embryonic survival rates of Alishan and Nanjenshan populations both were very high at 30 °C, the larval survival rates of the two populations were very low suggesting this species is intolerant to high temperatures. At 15 °C, survival rates of embryos and larvae of Alishan population were higher than those of Nanjenshan population, indicating the Nanjenshan population is poor in cold tolerance. Larval developmental rate increased, while larval period decreased, with increasing temperature. Larval developmental rate of Alishan population was slower than that of Nanjenshan population at low temperatures (15 and 20 °C), but the opposite was observed at high temperature (30 °C), suggesting larval development of Alishan population is more sensitive to temperature change. The CTmax between the two altitudinal populations of larval Bufo bankorensis was affected by acclimation temperatures and developmental stages, but it was not influenced by altitudinal populations. CTmax required approximately 2-3 days to stabilize at the new level in heating from 15 to 25 °C, but it required 14 days to stabilize in cooling from 25 to 15 °C. Thermal experience during embryonic period will affect CTmax in the larval stages, however, this effect is reversible. These results suggest that the two altitudinal populations of Bufo bankorensis may have differentiated genetically in order to adapt to their thermal environments.

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