近年來許多研究人員和工業界投入許多心力在發展感應器架構的技術，將其置入到環境智能（ambient intelligence）中，創造可以感應、適應、反應人活動的數位化環境[philips]，通常所採取的策略是發展由嵌入到空間的智慧感應器（smart sensor），來建制可程式的空間，同時開發互動的系統可以主動的回應使用者的需求。這些感知特徵的背後動機是要擴增人的能力、影響人的經驗、認知，如此可以重新定義人機互動的領域，然而，許多的研究成果都強調感應器的能力[Benford et al, 2005]，較少關注在建制關於人日常生活經驗的邏輯架構[Benford et al, 2005]，近日逐漸成形的共識、最可行的方法是建構常識知識（commonsense）介面、建構人類經驗的模型在環境智能中，此常識包含空間、物理、社交、時序關係、心理等關於生活的各種面向[Minsky, 2000]。
本論文將介紹事件常識知識（Event Commonsense）的架構可以有效的在『環境智能』（Ambient intelligence）環境中捕捉人的經驗，認為透過有關生活常識的再現，建立規格化的邏輯架構可以有效瞭解人複雜的經驗。
為什麼不容易把人工智慧應用到環境智能，有四個主要的原因，第一，封閉世界的假設，因為我們處在一個開放的世界，一個簡單的事實是電腦可以打敗最高段的棋士，卻不足以處理現實世界理簡單的生活機能，第二，缺乏基本常識，電腦不能掌握普通生活，問題不在於研發複雜的人工智慧計算能力與推理能力，真正的問題是電腦不知道人類的生活，第三，單一知識的呈現，人類的知識涉及各式各樣浩大、複雜的知識，無法使用單一的知識呈現方法來表現各樣的知識，第四，不允許嘗試錯誤，電腦設定的邏輯與規則不允許嘗試錯誤，但是人總是喜歡反覆嘗試找出自己的喜好。
為了解決這些問題，我們提出一個事件常識知識的模型和平台，在三個條件下解決這些問題，第一，建構開放式架構，聚集眾人無盡的生活知識，第二，建構生活的基本常識，包含事件常識知識的模型和知識的推演，第三，具備擴充性，來面對生活的複雜度和人性不同的適應程度。

The new millennium has seen that researchers and industries have developing sensing-based technologies to situate an ambient intelligence environment that is sensitive, adaptive, and responsive to the presence of people [Philips]. An often used strategy is to develop a programmable space by embedding smart sensors into building products and developing interactive applications that proactively respond to human needs. The main motivation behind these sentient features is the impact on human experience that could redefine the scope of human-computer interaction. However, many research efforts have emphasized sensing capabilities [Benford et al, 2005], with less concern for a formalized logical framework of human experience underlying everyday life or formal underpinnings [Abowd, Mynatt, and Rodden, 2002]. A growing consensus is that the most desirable way to support ambient intelligence is to construct commonsense interfaces with a model of human experience, encompassing knowledge about the spatial, physical, social, temporal, and psychological aspects of everyday life [Minsky, 2000].
This paper presents a semantic network of commonsense knowledge that is useful in capturing human experience in ambient intelligence environments. We argue that the complexity of human experience can be resolved by modeling interaction in a formalized logical framework through the representation (e.g. predicate logics) of commonsense knowledge about everyday life.
There are four reasons about why it is hard to deploy artificial intelligence to ambient intelligence. The first reason is Closed-world assumption, because we live in an open ended and dynamic world. The obvious fact is that computer can beat the high-graded chess player but can’t deal with the simple function of daily life. The second reason is lack of commonsense. The problem of using computers to deal with daily life is not the computing or reasoning capability. It lack of commonsense which a five years old boy can easily handle. The third is single knowledge representation which can not include human’s complex knowledge. The final is no tolerance of trial and error, because humans used to try and sense to check what is preferred.
In order to solve this problem we propose a commonsense model and platform confronting in three issues. The first criterion is to build an Open Framework to collect human experience of daily life. The second is to construct Commonsense knowledge base for everyday living, including knowledge modeling and reasoning. The final is that the application should possess extensibility and adaptability to deal with the complexity of everyday life and the adaptability of human beings.

A. Helal, W. Mann, H. Elzabadani, J. King, Y. Kaddoura and E. Jansen, "Gator Tech Smart “House: A Programmable Pervasive Space", IEEE Computer Magazine, pp. 64-74, 2005.
Abowd, G. D., E. D. Mynatt, and T. Rodden, “The Human Experience”, Pervasive Computing, January-March, 2002, pp. 48-57.
Beaudin. J.S., “From personal experience to design: Externalizing the Home-owner’s Needs and Assesment Process.”, MS thesis, MIT Media Laboratory, 2003.
Benford, S., H. Schndelbach, B. Koleva, R. Anastasi, C. Greenhalgh, T. Rodden, J. Green, A. Ghali, T. Pridmore, B. Gaver, A. Boucher, B. Walker, S. Pennington, A. Schmidt, H. Gellersen, and A. Steed, “Expected, Sensed, and Desired: A Framework for Designing Sensing-based Interaction”, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, Volume 12 , Issue 1, March 2005.
Bolter, J. D. and R. Grusin, Remidiation: Understanding New Media, The MIT Press, 1998.
Bonanni L., C.H. Lee, T. Selker, “Counter Intelligence: Augmented Reality Kitchen”, CHI 2005
Brumitt, B., Meyers, B., Krumm, J., Kern, A., and Shafer, S., "EasyLiving: Technologies for Intelligent Environments", Proceedings of Conference on Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing, 2000.
Carrol, J. M. (ed.), Human-Computer Interaction in the New Millennium, Addison Wesley, 2001.
Chan C S, "Cognitive processes in architectural design problem solving" Design Studies, 11(2), 1990, pp.60-80.
Chen, J. and T. Jeng, “Exploring Digital City with Physical Interactions”, Proceedings of CAADRIA2003, November, 2003.
Coen, M. H., B. Philips, N. Warshawsky, L. Weisman, S. Peters, and P. Finin, “Meeting the Computational Needs of Intelligent Environments: The Metaglue System”, Proceedings of MANSE, 1999.
D.J. Cook, and S.k. Das, “Smart Environments: Technologies, Protocols, and Applications.”, Wiley-Interscience, 2005.
Denning. P. J.(ed.), The Invisible Future: The Seamless Integration of Technology into Enveryday Life, The MIT Press, 2001, McGraw Hill.
Dertouzos M.L., “The Unfinished Revolution: Human-centered Computers and What They Can Do for Us”, HarperCollins Publishers Inc. USA, 2001.
Dertouzos, M. “The Oxygen Project”, Scientific American, Vol. 282, No. 3, pp. 52-63, August, 1999.
Dey, A. K., G. D. Abowd, and D. Salber, “A Context-Based Infrastructure for Smart Environments”, Managing Interactions in Smart Environments, P. Nixon, G. Lacey, and S. Dobson (eds.), 1999.
Dourish, P., “Where the Action is: The Foundations of Embodied Interaction”, MIT Press. 2001.
Downs, R. M. and D. Stea, “Cognitive Maps and Spatial Behavior: Process and Products”, Image & Environment: Cognitive Mapping and Spatial Behavior, Downs, R. M. and D. Stea [Eds.], Aldine Transaction, 2005.
Eng K., R.L. Lewis, I. Tollinger, A. Chu, A. Howes, and A. Vera, “Generating automated predictions of behavior strategically adapted to specific performance objectives”, Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems （CHI'06）, Montreal Canada., 2006.
Espinosa, J., H. Lieberman, “EventNet: Inferring Temporal Relations Between Commonsense Events.”, Proc. of Fourth Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Springer Publisher, November 14-18, 2005.
Feiner S., B. Macintyre, D. Seligmann., “Knowledge-based Augmented Reality”, Communications of the ACM, v.36, n.7, p.53-62, July 1993.
Gershenfeld N., When Things Start to Think, Raphael Sagalyn Inc., 1999.
H. Chung, CH.J. Lee, T. Selker ,” Lover's Cups: Drinking Interfaces as New Communication Channels”, Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2006
Hall, E. T., The Hidden Dimension, Anchor Books, 1990.
Hanssens N., A. Kulkarni, R. Tuchida, T. Horton, “Building Agent-Based Intelligent Workspaces”, AI Lab, MIT, 2002.
Hawkins, J. and S. Blackeslee, On Intelligence, Times Books, 2004.
Hinte, E van, M. Neelen, J.Vink, and P.Vollaard, “Smart Architecture”, 010 Publishers, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 2004.
IAAC, ”Media House Project-The House is the Computer , the Structure is the Network”, IAAC, 2004.
Intille, S. S. “Designing a Home of the Future”, IEEE Pervasive Computing, April-June, 2002.
IST Advisory Group, ISTAG Report on Scenarios for Ambient Intelligence in 2010, 2001
Jeng, T. "Advanced Ubiquitous Media for Interactive Space: A Framework", Proceedings of CAADFutures, June, 2005.
Jeng, T. "Designing a Ubiquitous Smart Space of the Future: The Principle of Mapping", Proceedings of Design Computing and Cognition, July 19-21, 2004, MIT, USA.
Jeng, T. and. Lee “iCube: Ubiquitous Media Spaces for Embodied Interaction”, Proceedings of CAADFutures, Taiwan, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.
Johanson, B. and A. Fox, “The Interactive Workspaces Project: Experiences with Ubiquitous Computing Rooms”, IEEE Pervasive Computing, April-June, 2002.
Kellogg W.A., Carroll J.M., and J.T. Richards , “Making Reality a Cyberspace”, Benedikt M. ed., Cyberspace: First Steps, Cambridge MA, The MIT Press, 1991.
Kidd, C. D., R. J. Orr, G. D. Abowd, C. G. Atkeson, I. A. Essa, B. MacIntyre, E. Mynatt, T. E. Starner and W. Newstetter, “The Aware Home: A Living Laboratory for Ubiquitous Computing Research", Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Cooperative Buildings, 1999.
Krueger M., “Environmental Technology: Making the Real World Virtual”, Communications of the ACM, v.36, n.7, p.36-37, July 1993.
Kuniavsky, M., Observing the User Experience: A Practitioner's Guide to User Research, 2003, Morgan Kaufmann.
Lee, C. and T. Jeng, “A ContextManager for Tangible Media Design Presentation: A Human-Centric Interaction Approach”, Automation in Construction , 12, 2003, pp. 487-493.
Lee, C., L. Bonanni, J. H. Espinosa, H. Lieberman, T. Selker, “KitchenSense: Augmenting Kitchen Appliances with a Shared Context using Knowledge about Daily Events”, Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, 2006.
Lieberman, H., H. Liu, P. Singh, and B. Barry, “Beating Common Sense into Interactive Applications”, AI Magazine, 25(4):63-76., 2004.
Liu, H. and P. Maes, “What Would They Think? A Computational Model of Attitudes”, Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, 2004.
Liu, H. and P. Singh, “ConceptNet- A Practical Commonsense Reasoning Tool-kit”, BT Technology Journal, Vol. 22, No. 4, October, 2004, pp. 211-226.
McCarthy, J., M. Minsky, A. Sloman, L. Gong, T. Lau, L. Morgenstern, E. Mueller, D. Riecken, M. Singh, and P. Singh, “An Architecture of Diversity for Commonsense Reasoning”, IBM Systems Journal, 2002, 41(3):530-539.
Minsky, M., “Commonsense-Based Interfaces”, Communications of the ACM, August, Vol. 43, No. 8, 2000.
Minsky, M., “K-line, A Theory of Memory”, Cognitive Science, 1980, 4: 117-133.
Minsky, M., Society of Minds, Simon & Schuster, 1988.
Mitchell, W. J., Placing Words: Symbols, Space, and the City, The MIT Press, 2005.
Norman, D. A., Emotional Design: Why We Love (or Hate) Everyday Things, Basic Books, 2005.
Norman, D. A., The Invisible Computer: Why Good Products Can Fail, the Personal Computer Is So Complex, and Information Appliances Are the Solution, The MIT Press, 1999.
O’Sullivan, D and T. Lgoe. Physical Computing: Sensing and Controlling the Physical World with Computers, Thomson Course Technology, 2004.
Pentland, A. “Smart Rooms”, Scientific American, Vol. 274, No. 4, 1996, pp. 68-76.
Philipose, M. K. Fishkin, M. Perkowitz, D. Patterson, and D. Haehnel, “The Probabilistic Activity Toolkit: Towards Enabling Activity Aware Computer Interfaces.”, Intel Research Seattle Technical Memo IRS-TR-03-013, December 2003.
Pinhanez, C. S. and A. F. Bobick, “Interval Scripts: A Programming Paradigm for Interactive Environments and Agents”, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 7:1-21, 2003.
Prante, T., C. Rocker, N. Streitz, R. Stenzel, C. Magerkurth, D.v. Alphen, and D. Plewe, “Hello. Wall - Beyond Ambient Displays.”, Proceedings of UBICOMP Conference, 2003.
Russell, D. M., N. A. Streitz, and T. Winograd, “Building Disappearing Computers”, Communications of the ACM, March 2005, Vol. 48, No. 3.
Shafer, S. et.al, “The New EasyLiving Project at Microsoft Research”, Proceedings of the 1998 DARPA/NIST Smart Spaces Workshop, 1998, pp. 127-130.
Shafer, S.A.N., Brumitt, B., and Cadiz, J.J., "Interaction Issues in Context-Aware Interactive Environments", Human-Computer Interaction, 2001, 16 (2) p. 363-378.
Singh, P. and M. Minsky, “An Architecture for Combining Ways to Think”, Proceedings of International Conference on Knowledge Multi-Agent Systems, Cambridge, MA, 2003.
Singh, P. and W. Williams, “LifeNet: A Propositional Model of Ordinary Human Activity”, Proceedings of the Workshop on Distributed and Collaborative Knowledge Capture, 2003.
Stafford, T. and M. Webb, Mind Hacks : Tips & Tricks for Using Your Brain, O'Reilly Media, Inc., 2004.
Tapia, E.M. and S. Intille, "Activity Recognition in the Home Using Simple and Ubiquitous Sensors", Proc. of the 2004 Pervasive Computing Conference, Vienna Austria, April 2004.
Ullmer, B. and H. Ishii, “Emerging Frameworks for Tangible User Interfaces”, Human-Computer Interaction in the New Millennium, Addison-Wesley, pp. 579-601, 2001.
Want, R. “RFID: A Key to Automating Everything”, Scientific American, January, 2004.
Weiser, M. “Computer of the 21st Century”, Scientific American, Nol. 265, No. 3, pp. 94-104, September, 1991.
Winograd, T. “Interaction Spaces for Twenty-First-Century Computing”, Human-Computer Interaction in the New Millennium, Carrol, J. M. (ed.), Addison Wesley, 2001.
Wisneski, C., I. Hiroshi, A. Dahley, M. G. Gorbet, S. Brave, B. Ullmer, P. Yarin, “Ambient Displays: Turning Architectural Space into an Interface between People and Digital Information”, Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Cooperative Buildings, Integrating Information Organization and Architecture, p.22-32 , 1998.
Yarin, P. and H. Ishii, “TouchCounters: Designing Interactive Electronic Labels for Physical Containers”, Proc. of CHI 2000 ACM Press, 2000.
鄭泰昇（2005),[未來智慧空間設計-普及運算互動的環境],CAAD Talk 5,邱茂林編。
Open Mind Common Sense (OMCS) Web site, http://commonsense.media.mit.edu/
http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/roger/HiddenMarkovModels/html_dev/main.html
Philips Research, “Ambient Intelligence: A New Experience” http://www.research.philips.com/technologies/sys_softw/ami/background.html
Smart Space Laboratory, NIST, http://www.nist.gov/smartspace