論文題目：安東．契可夫的《櫻桃園》：舊時代的沒落
並與曹雪芹之「大觀園」略作比較
校所組別：國立成功大學外國語言文學研究所
畢業時間及提要別：九十一學年度第二學期 碩士學位論文提要
研究生: 莊朝鈞
指導教授：閻振瀛　博士
論文提要：
在現代戲劇發展中，劇作家安東．契可夫扮演著極重要的角色，他以寫實且客觀的態度，忠實的刻畫出當時俄國社會的真實生活。在《櫻桃園》中他不但透視了俄國社會的變遷，也預言了1917年大革命的來臨。在這一劇中他讓我們看到無法適應變遷社會的俄國貴族，終於沒落，相同的情形在曹雪芹的《紅樓夢》中的「大觀園」也如出一轍。
本論文共分為五章，第一章中將介紹契可夫和曹雪芹的生平及時代背景，因為這兩部作品都反映了兩位作者所經歷的時代。
在第二章中將探討《櫻桃園》一劇中人物的生活態度及情節發展。郎涅夫斯卡亞家族因無法償付抵押利息，他們的櫻桃園將面臨被拍賣的危機，可是他們卻無法面對現實，天真地以為會有奇蹟出現，櫻桃園最後終於躲不過被拍賣的命運。
在第三章中將討論《櫻桃園》劇中舊時代的沒落。櫻桃園最後被農奴之子羅巴辛買下，象徵舊時代的消逝與新興階級的崛起。
在第四章中將分析《紅樓夢》中賈氏一族的沒落。如同郎涅夫斯卡亞家族，賈氏一族在大觀園舊勢力的庇護之下，他們生活奢靡，最後也被社會所淘汰。
《櫻桃園》與《紅樓夢》中的這兩個家族的際遇，若從荀子的哲學觀點來看，他們最後一定會步上沒落的命運；因為無法面對現實的賈氏及郎涅夫斯卡亞家族，只知奢侈揮霍，不知顧及以後，最終會陷於傾家蕩產的困境之中。

Chekhov’s The Cherry Orchard: The Fall of the Old
—with a Comparison to Cao Xueqin’s “Grand View Garden”
Abstract
Anton Chekhov, one of Russia’s many important literary figures and one of the greatest playwrights of modern times, is skilled in realistically presenting a slice of life and directly reflecting the issues currently being portrayed by society. The Cherry Orchard, which hints at the social upheaval that was beginning in pre-revolutionary Russia, provides an ominous foreshadowing of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. This aristocratic family fails to face the realities of the changing Russia in the late nineteenth century and eventually loses their ancestral estate. The situation displayed in The Cherry Orchard repeats again in Cao Xueqin’s The Dream of the Red Chamber.
The thesis is composed of five chapters. In Chapter One, I would like to introduce the background information referring to these two author’s life and times. In Chapter Two, I will examine the living attitudes of the major characters and the development of action in The Cherry Orchard. The Ranevskayas are in financial trouble and incapable of paying their mortgage and eventually find themselves in danger of losing their entire estate, including their beloved cherry orchard. Unable to face the reality, they continue to believe that some miracle will redeem their orchard; however, their daydream does not become true.
In Chapter Three, the subject of the decline of the old Russia is in the focus. The successful bid for the cherry orchard is ironically made by Lopahin, the son of a peasant who had once worked at the estate and now becomes a wealthy merchant. The sale of the cherry orchard indicates the fall of the old and the rise of the new.
In Chapter Four, I would like to examine the fall of a powerful and prosperous Chinese household portrayed in Cao Xueqin’s The Dream of the Red Chamber. On account of leading extravagant lifestyles, they gradually forfeit their possessions and their upper-classes status. Conclusively, in Chapter Five, I will discuss that the Ranevskayas and the Jias’ predicaments are intended as a symbolic microcosm of the fall of the aristocracy in the whole world at large; however, according to Xunzi’s instruction we realize they are destined to lose the familial home, not so much through mismanagement as their inability to cope with real life.

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