植物是一種固著性的生物，因此在面臨生物與非生物逆境時，必須啟動相關機制來進行防禦反應。在病原菌誘發植物先天性免疫反應中，前人研究已知許多絲裂原活化蛋白激酶 (mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK) 在其扮演重要的角色。近年來已有許多研究證實微生物可以影響植物之生長與發育，但是對於微生物揮發性氣味 (microbial volatile organic compounds, mVCs) 所誘導植物免疫反應的防禦知之甚少。本研究將以植物生理分析以及分子生物技術來探討，當植物暴露於 mVCs 之下誘發的 AtMKK1 與 AtMKK3 相關免疫分子機制。在本研究中利用實驗室前人篩選出的植物生長抑制菌 Enterobacter aerogenes 與阿拉伯芥野生型 Col-0、mkk1 與 mkk3 共同培養，並觀察其生理及活化的訊息調路徑。本研究發現Enterobacter aerogenes 揮發性氣味可以抑制阿拉伯芥的生長，也會誘導過氧化物質 (reactive oxygen species, ROS) 的累積以及細胞死亡的情形，我發現不同的 MKKs 扮演不同的角色，其中 AtMKK1 可能參與短時間 E.a. mVCs 下的 ROS 生成機制，AtMKK3 可能參與 E.a. mVCs 誘導下的細胞死亡機制。此外，本研究使用即時聚合酶連鎖反應 (real time polymerase chain reaction, RT-qPCR) 了解相關基因在mVCs處理後之表現量變化，結果可得知植物能藉由偵測與辨識 E.a. mVCs 而誘發免疫防禦之反應，分析AtMKK1 突變株中的基因表現量時，發現 AtMKK1參與在防禦蛋白 PDF1.2、乙烯生合成路徑之 ACS2 以及 camalexin 生合成路徑之 CYP71A13、PAD3 的調控，促使植物產生防禦反應，並且誘發植株的先天性免疫訊息傳遞途徑，藉此抵抗 mVCs 對植物產生之逆境。

Plants are sessile organisms. Therefore, in the face of biotic and abiotic stresses, relevant mechanisms must be activated to carry out defensive responses. Many mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) have been shown to play important roles in the innate immune response induced by pathogens in plants. In recent years, many studies have confirmed that microorganisms can affect plant growth and development, but little is known about the defense responses induced by microbial volatile organic compounds (mVCs). In this study, I used plant physiological analysis and molecular biotechnology to explore the immune molecular mechanisms induced by the volatile substance when plants are exposed to mVCs. The effects of Enterobacter aerogenes mVCs on Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0, AtMKK1 mutant and immune response were observed. This study found that Enterobacter aerogenes mVCs can inhibit Arabidopsis. growth. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death were also induced after mVCs treatment. I found that AtMKK1 and AtMKK3 have different roles in the regulation of mVCs-induced responses. AtMKK1 may be involved in the ROS generation mechanism under short-term exposure to E.a. mVCs, and AtMKK3 may be involved in the regulation of E.a. mVCs-induced cell death, which have a certain degree of physiological impact on Arabidopsis. In addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) was used to understand the changes in mRNA abundance of E.a. mVCs regulated genes. The results show that plants can induce immune responses by detecting and identifying E.a. mVCs. Analysis of the mRNA abundance of CYP71A13, PAD3, ACS2 and PDF1.2 in AtMKK1 mutant revealed that AtMKK1 is involved in the regulation of defensin response, ethylene and camalexin biosynthesis. Leads to plant defense responses and induces the plant innate immune signaling pathways, thereby resisting the stress of mVCs to plants.

鄭楷騰，2014，轉錄圖譜與生理分析探討菸草的Exo70基因在產氣桿菌
(Enterobacter aerogene) 氣味影響下之功能與角色，國立成功大學生命科學系碩士論文。
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