【研究目的】
本研究目的在於探討四個月嬰兒的煩躁氣質與母親教養（包含不一致教養與監控教養）對日後兒童破壞性行為可能造成的影響及其影響機制為何。本研究假設：嬰兒四個月時（T1）的煩躁不安氣質會透過母親的教養來影響兒童六歲時（T2）的破壞性行為。
【研究方法】
參與者：本研究的參與者是國科會計畫『產後憂鬱症之前因與後果』長期追蹤的婦女及其子代（1994-1995），收集自成大醫院婦產科門診；總共有130對母子（60位男生; 70位女生）納入本縱貫性研究分析。研究工具：所有問卷均由母親填寫；包含以嬰兒行為問卷（IBQ）評估兒童煩躁不安氣質，父母親管教態度量表（PAS）評估母親不一致與監控教養，及兒童行為與情緒檢核表（CBECL/4-16）評估兒童的破壞性行為症狀。
【研究結果】
路徑分析結果發現，嬰兒煩躁不安氣質的得分越高，透過母親較多不一致教養行為的中介，可以預測兒童產生更多的破壞性行為；而母親的監控教養則是直接預測兒童的破壞性行為：母親的監控程度越高，兒童的破壞性行為就越少。
【結論與建議】
本研究的主要發現是四個月兒童的煩躁不安氣質會透過母親的不一致教養來影響兒童日後的破壞性行為，而母親的監控教養則會直接影響兒童的破壞性行為。故建議，當小孩有煩燥氣質時，母親宜減少或避免使用矛盾、不一致的教養方式，而多採用一致、明確的管教策略，來減少兒童在未來發展出破壞性行為的可能性。而適當的監控管教也可能是另一個能有效預防這類問題行為產生的良好策略。另外，臨床工作者也可以藉由對母親教養方式的教育、輔導與矯正，來減少或防止兒童發展出破壞行為的可能性，進而達到一級預防甚至是三級預防的效果；這些建議值得未來進一步驗證與探討。
【研究限制】
本研究有一些限制。首先，兒童的氣質及破壞性行為只有母親的報告資料，缺少其他人的評估資料；例如父親或老師的評估。而在經過六年的長期追蹤後，本研究「追蹤且有效」的參與者只剩47 %左右，可能因此產生一些推論上的偏誤。另外，本研究是中型樣本，未來需更大的樣本來驗證此研究結果。

The aim of the present study was to examine whether maternal parenting (supervision, inconsistent discipline) mediated the relationship between infant’s distress to limits at 4 months (T1) and their disruptive behavior problems at age 6 (T2). A total of 130 mother-offspring dyads were recruited in the final sample of this longitudinal study. Mothers completed the measures of child’s distress to limits (IBQ) at T1, maternal parenting (PAS), and the disruptive behavior problems of children (CBECL/4-16) at T2. Results from path analysis indicated that child’s distress to limits significantly predicted disruptive behaviors mediated through maternal inconsistent discipline, but not maternal supervision. Higher distress to limits would lead to the increase in maternal inconsistent discipline, and resulted in more disruptive behavior problems of the children. The results also showed that maternal supervision would directly affect child’s disruptive behaviors; increase in maternal supervision would reduce child’s disruptive behaviors. Limitations should be noted in the need for a more conscientious longitudinal design and multiple measurements should be taken into account in future research.

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