當母體變異數未知且相等時，我們令各母體平均數與所有母體的總平均數之間的最大距離為一測度，它用來檢定母體是否為處方等價或生物體等價，其檢定統計量為學生化全距檢定統計量。在虛無假設成立下，達到最大水準之均數組合，稱為最大水準均數組合；而在對立假設成立下，達到最保守檢力之均數組合，稱為最小檢力均數組合。然而，在均數組合下，水準與檢力是與未知平均數、變異數完全獨立的，因此一旦水準與檢力已知，就可以同時求出該檢定量之臨界值與實驗所需的樣本數。我們根據處方等價與生物體等價檢定所設立的虛無假設，採用單一樣本抽樣或二階段抽樣法進行檢定。

　　A studentized range test is proposed to test the hypothesis of equivalence and bioequivalence of normal means in terms of a maximum distance of treatment means from the grand mean. The least favorable configuration (LFC) of means to guarantee the maximum level at a null hypothesis and the LFC of means to guarantee the minimum power at a given alternative hypothesis are obtained. These level and power of the test are fully independent of the unknown means and variances. For a given level and a given power, the critical value of the test and the required sample size for an experiment can be simultaneously determined. In situations where the common population variance is unknown, the usual one-sample sampling procedure and a two-stage sampling procedure can be employed to find these solutions depending on the target hypothesis of equivalence and bioequivalence.

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