本研究著重於溶液旋塗成膜的製程方式，利用最簡易的製程來降低成本，製作出高效率的反置型(Inverted)有機太陽能電池元件，並針對各薄膜分別製作微奈米結構，其中以下幾個方向做探討：
1. 於反置型有機太陽能電池中的電子傳輸層ZnO做探討，由於ZnO薄膜是採用sol-gel的方式來成膜，針對成膜後的ZnO做進一步的SEM、EDS、XRD、XPS等等分析，於反置型有機太陽能電池完成後測試光電轉換效率(PCE)及lifetime，最終反置型有機太陽能電池的效率約為2.58%；可相同於一般型(normal)的有機太陽能電池，而lifetime可由一般型元件的半天提升至反置型的一個月以上。
2.針對電子傳輸層ZnO及有機主動層(active layer)製作微奈米結構，希望藉由微奈米結構增加電子傳輸層與主動層的接觸面積來提升填充因子(FF)，並藉由光進入微奈米結構使光反射下降，進而提升短路電流密度(Jsc)，使光電轉換效率(PCE)提升，最終量測效率可由2.46%提升至3.0%。
3.不同於以往的異質接面bulk heterojunction (BHJ)的掺混(blend)主動層方式來製作有機太陽能電池，此研究是利用類似雙層(bilayer)主動層的概念來製作，先成膜施體(Donor)後再成膜授體(Acceptor)，由於施體(Donor)與授體(Acceptor)之間親疏水性的現象讓授體PCBM可於施體P3HT上面形成微結構，利用更多的微結構讓施體與授體產生更多的接面(interface)，其優點可增加充填因子(FF)及電流密度(Jsc)，讓最終的光電轉換效率(PCE)提升，光電轉效率可由2.80%提升至4.38%。此方式來成膜有機主動層的方式我們稱之為平面異質接面(surface heterojunction)有機太陽能電池。
4.針對電洞傳輸層PEDOT：PSS薄膜製作微奈米結構，探討壓印電洞傳輸層PEDOT：PSS對於光電轉換效率中的電流密度(Jsc)及充填因子(FF)的影響，量測後發現壓印電洞傳輸層PEDOT：PSS的效益並沒有壓印電子傳輸層ZnO來的明顯，可些微提升填充因子(FF)，所以在此部份結合壓印電子傳輸層ZnO及電洞傳輸層PEDOT：PSS，達到具雙層微結構的有機太陽能電池元件製作，探討其光電特性，最終光電轉換效率可由2.60%提升至3.25%。
5.本研究目標以全溶液製程來製作有機太陽能電池，所以導入高導電高分子溶液PH1000來取代熱蒸鍍(thermal coater)的銀電極，探討PH1000光學及電子特性，並跟蒸鍍的銀電極做相互比較，最終光電轉換效率因電流密度的下降讓最終效率為1.55%。
6. 全溶液製程有機太陽能電池元件完成後，進一步於高導電高分子PH1000外面設置一層光學膜，其中利用液晶顯示器(LCD)內的增亮膜(Brightness Enhancement Film，BEF)微結構來當母模，壓印後於光學膜上製作出具有菱鏡(prism)微結構之光學膜，期望光線射入光學膜後產生折射，讓整體元件的光路徑能夠增加，使光吸收更多，使太陽能電池元件的電流密度(Jsc)提升，最終溶液型電極之有機太陽能電池加上光學膜後效率可由1.55%提升到1.90%。

The aim of this study is to fabricate high-efficient inverted-type organic solar cells (OSCs) using the solution-based spin-coating method, which is a simple and cost-saving method to coat each layer in the OSC. The strategy to increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is to build structures in micro- or nanometer scale on the layers of the OSC. The overall experiment will be discussed as follows:
1. The ZnO film is served as the electron transport layer in the inverted-type OSC. The ZnO film was produced with the sol-gel method followed by annealing, and further characterized with SEM, EDS, XRD, and XPS. Finally, the PCE and lifetimes of the OSCs with the inverted type and the normal type were compared. The PCE of the inverted-type OSC reached 2.58%, which is comparable to that of the normal-type OSC. The lifetime of the inverted-type OSC was prolonged to over a month while the normal structure OSC only maintained for half-day.
2. The nanostructure was imprinted on the ZnO layer and the active layer in OSC to enhance the fill factor (FF) by increasing the contact area between the two layers. The incident light would be scattered by the nanostructure, which increases the light trapping ability and the short-circuit current density (Jsc). The resulting PCE increased from 2.46% to 3.0%.
3. Unlike the bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) structure used to fabricate the blended active layer, the active layer of the designed OSCs was built into a bilayer-like structure. The donor layer (P3HT) was coated followed by the acceptor layer (PCBM). The difference of the hydrophilicity between the two materials resulted in forming a PCBM nanostructure on the P3HT layer and creating more donor/acceptor interfaces, which is so called the “surface heterojunction”OSC. The FF and Jsc of the designed OSC were increased, and the PCE was improved from 2.80% to 4.38%.
4. A nanostructure was also imprinted on the hole transport layer (PEDOT: PSS) to study the influence of the FF and Jsc. However, the improvement of the FF and Jsc was not as apparent as that of the nanostructure imprinted on the ZnO layer. Therefore, both the PEDOT: PSS and the ZnO layer were imprinted with nanostructures and the final PCE increased from 2.60% to 3.25%.
5. The thermally evaporated Ag electrode was also replaced with the high conductive polymer solution, PH1000, to achieve all-solution procedure for fabricating OSCs. The optical and electrical properties of the PH1000 were investigated and compared with the Ag electrode. The PCE of the resulting OSC reached 1.55% owing to the decreasing Jsc.
6. An optical film, which duplicated the prism structure of a brightness enhancement film (BEF) in the LCD, was added in the all-solution-processed OSC to reflect the incident light and increase the light path in the active layer. The Jsc was increased and the PCE of the all-solution-processed OSC also increased from 1.55% to 1.90% after adding the optical film.

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