當全球能源需求快速增長時，需要更高效率且效能卓越的儲能系統。然而，若要大規模生產能源儲存元件，成本、毒性和環境影響成為關鍵因素。有機正極材料正成為取代鋰離子電池正極中無機化合物的有力競爭者，因為它們具有氧化還原和結構的可調性、成本效益、環境友善和永續發展的特性。
雙電子轉移的充電鋅離子電池於大規模能量儲存具有潛力。鋅金屬負極具有多個優勢，包括天然資源豐富、低成本、無毒性以及與水性和非水性系統的兼容性。其中，水性電解液特別有吸引力，因為它們的離子導電性遠高於大多數有機電解液，並且成本較低且不易燃燒。因此，水性鋅離子電池近年來受到了極大的關注。
在此，一種新的有機小分子，富含氮的六氮聯三伸萘嵌入萘醌基團所形成的NATAQ作為正極材料，具有高度延伸的共軛系統及二維層狀結構，可進行多電子轉移，理論容量高達640 mAh g‒-1（每分子有15個電子轉移）。在0.1至1.45 V的電壓範圍內於水性鋅離子電池，NATAQ作為正極材料在電流密度300 mA g‒-1下表現出高實際比容量（530 mAh g‒-1），超高倍率性能（100 A g‒-1下仍可達到262 mAh g‒-1的可逆電容量），以及卓越的循環穩定性（30 A g‒-1下10,000次循環後保持89% 的容量）。
NATAQ中許多的氧化還原活性位置以及延伸的共軛系統促進多電子氧化還原化學反應，具有電子離域效應，從而顯著提高了氧化還原電位、能量密度和氧化還原動力學。此外，透過電化學研究和數種的原位與非原位鑑定分析技術，探討鋅離子和質子在充放電過程中的氧化還原機制和動力學，證實NATAQ能很好的在系統中運作。NATAQ的卓越性能使水性鋅離子電池在大規模能量儲存中具有潛在潛力。

Due to the rapidly increasing global energy demand, there is a pressing need for more efficient and powerful energy storage solutions. As these storage units are mass-produced, factors such as cost, toxicity, and environmental impact become crucial. Organic-based electrode materials are emerging as strong contenders to replace inorganic compounds used as Li-ion battery cathodes because they offer redox tunability, structural flexibility, cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and sustainability.
Zinc-based rechargeable batteries with two-electron transfer are promising for large-scale energy storage. Zinc metal anodes have several advantages, including natural abundance, low cost, non-toxicity, and compatibility with both aqueous and non-aqueous systems. Water-based electrolytes are particularly attractive due to their much higher ionic conductivity compared to most organic electrolytes, as well as their lower cost and non-flammability. Consequently, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have been gaining significant attention in recent years.
Herein, a new organic small molecule, highly nitrogen-rich hexaazatrianthranylene embedded quinone (NATAQ), is introduced featuring a highly extended π-conjugation system with multi-electron transfer capability and a high theoretical capacity of 640 mAh g−1 (15 e− per molecular unit). Within the voltage window of 0.1−1.45 V vs. Zn/Zn2+, NATAQ cathode exhibits a high practical specific capacity of 530 mAh g‒1 at 300 mA g‒1, ultrahigh rate capability (262 mAh g−1 at 100 A g−1), and remarkable cycling stability (89% capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 30 A g−1) in AZIBs.
The numerous carbonyl and imine electroactive centers and the large π-conjugation in NATAQ allow multi-electron redox chemistry with electronic delocalization, resulting in significantly increased redox potential, energy density, and redox kinetics. To investigate these charge transfer kinetics, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) have been used. Additionally, the redox reactions of the multi-electron redox-active NATAQ and the Zn2+/H+ charge storage mechanism have been elucidated through various electrochemical investigations, as well as in-situ and ex-situ characterization, including Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), pH measurement, 1H solid-state NMR, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The superior performance of NATAQ is a strong indication of the bright prospects associated with the utilization of AZIBs in large-scale energy storage.

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