1999年9月21日之集集大地震(Mw = 7.3)係屬於板塊內斷層錯動所造成，而2002年3月31日之花蓮地震(Mw = 6.8)及2003年12月10日之台東成功地震(Mw = 6.8)則為歐亞板塊與菲律賓海板塊隱沒帶及交界，因碰撞造成斷裂所引起。因三個地震其發震位置、震源深度、規模大小有所不同，可深入探討其對濁水溪沖積扇的密集水井網之地下水位影響。
本研究使用搜集的地下水位觀測資料經由統計分析的結果顯示，1999年集集地震之同震地下水位變化範圍及幅度遠較2002年花蓮及2003年成功地震的變化為大，1999年集集地震同震時出現較大幅度之地下水位湧衝變化而在2002年花蓮及2003年成功地震時並未發現;在2002年花蓮及2003年成功地震時出現了幾個明顯的同震上升及震後地下水位上升、下降及湧衝之變化，然而在1999年集集地震並未發現，上述之差異應與不同之地震位置及震波傳播時之路徑效應有關。由1999年集集地震濁水溪沖積扇2-1含水層（受壓到部份自由含水層）地下水位變化大小及型態觀察顯示，其與各影響因子之相關性大小依序為觀測井到震源距離(r = -0.77, p << 0.05, n = 37)、最大垂直地表加速度(z-PGA, r = -0.75, p << 0.05, n = 37）、水力傳導係數的對數值（logK, r = -0.35, p = 0.036<0.05, n = 37）。一般而言，1999年集集地震同震地下水位變化和水位井在不同深度含水層之水力傳導係數的算術平均值有從扇頂遞減至扇尾之趨勢，而研究中也發現應力、應變之變化速率較地下水位變化為快。
九份二山於1999年9月21日集集大地震時發生了大規模的山崩，且於岩石中發現了高摩擦熱所產生的玻璃物質及岩石噴發現象，不同於一般地震所引發之山崩型態。岩石中所含之假玄武玻璃（pseudotachylyte）代表岩石於山崩滑移過程中之環境的水含量不大，且滑移距離和滑移帶厚度之比值甚大，方能產生高熱，並形成玻璃物質。九份二山的岩石噴發可能之機制為（1）震波傳遞通過裂隙產生相對移動及高摩擦熱，使裂隙水汽化，伴隨高地震加速度，產生裂隙及鄰近岩石之噴發現象；(2) 震波傳遞通過裂隙未產生相對移動，但壓力迫使裂隙水噴出，而使岩石發生噴發作用；（3）九份二山山崩之過程產生高摩擦熱使孔隙水溫度及壓力上升，當向上力大於向下力時，亦有可能產生岩石之推升現象，而於強震過程中之抬昇可能會演變成岩石噴發。
豐原−石岡和霧峰一帶於1999年集集地震時有不同之地表變形型態，前者為抬昇伴隨著明顯之地表破裂而後者則無明顯的地表破裂，本研究認為應和不同之沉積物厚度、孔隙水壓及地震傳播時之trishear有關。

The 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake on September 21, 1999 (MW=7.3) was caused by the intraplate’s Chelungpu fault rupture, while the 2002 Haulien earthquake on March 31, 2002 (MW=6.8), and the 2003 Chengkung earthquake on December 10, 2003 (MW=6.8), were caused by the dislocation of collision and subduction zone between the Eurasian and Philippine Sea plates. The different earthquake locations, and depths helped us study the effect of an earthquake on the densely distributed groundwater level observation net in the Choshui river alluvial fan of central Taiwan. The scope and extent of the coseismic groundwater level change caused by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake was based on the observed groundwater level data for the alluvial fan are more extensive and remarkable than those of the 2002 Hualien and 2003 Chengkung earthquakes. The significantly high amplitude of coseismic surge-type groundwater level changes appeared in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, but did not appear in the 2002 Hualien’s and the 2003 Chengkung’s. A few of the coseismic rise-type groundwater level changes and post-seismic groundwater level changes were seen in the 2002 Hualien’s and 2003 Chengkung’s earthquakes, but were not found in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake. Such differences might be caused by distinct earthquake mechanisms and seismic wave propagation path. All of the different groundwater level changes which were observed in the present study suggest that the key parameters, from high to low correlations for Layer 2-1 (a confined to partially unconfined aquifer) in the Choshui river alluvial fan, are the distance from the observation well to the epicenter in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake (r=-0.77, p<<0.05, n=37), vertical direction peak ground acceleration (z-PGA, r=0.75, p<<0.05, n=37), and logarithmic hydraulic conductivity (logK, r=-0.35, p=0.036<0.05, n=37). Meanwhile, in general, the coseismic groundwater level change and the arithmetic average of hydraulic conductivity for a well in different depths of aquifers in the alluvial fan have a tendency to decrease from the proximal to distal fans. Our results also revealed that the rate of change in tectonic stress and strain is faster than that of the coseismic groundwater level.
In the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, unlike a common landslide a particular landslide occurring at Chiu-Fen-Erh-Shan was associated with contemporaneous formation of tektite induced by high frictional heat and large-scale eruptions of rock formations in the adjoining region. The occurrence of pseudotachylyte suggests a low water content in rocks and a high ratio of slip distance to slip-zone thickness so that high heat can be produced to initiate the formation of glassy materials. Evidence for a large-scale rock eruption was observed in the nearby region of the landslide area. Three possible causes of rock eruption are proposed here including: (1) transmission of seismic waves gave rise to relative displacement and high frictional heating that caused vaporization of pore water in association with high seismic acceleration and created fractures and adjoining rock eruption; (2) propagation of seismic waves did not produce relative motion along fractures but built up pressure forcing eruption of pore fluid and rocks; (3) high frictional heat produced by the processes of large-scale landslide increased the temperature and pressure of pore water. The country rocks were uplifted and erupted when the uplift force exceeded the gravity and cementation forces during the period of strong seismic motion.
There were different surface deformed styles occurred in the Wufeng and Fengyuen-Shihkang areas, in which the former one is an uplift without significant surface rupture and the latter one is an uplift accompanied with surface rupture. The areas exhibiting different deformations are characterized by different sediment depth, pore pressure and trishear of seismic propagation.

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