鋰離子電池(LIB)具高功率，容量及低記憶效應的被廣泛應用於便攜式電子設備與電動載具。電池中含有鋰、鈷、鎳與錳等貴重金屬，尤其是鈷成本為高。臺灣鋰電池2021年回收量為600噸，預計在2025年達到1100噸。不過目前國內的電池回收廠無法回收電池原材料，絕大部分LIB及其原料皆境外處理。因此，開發有效的鋰電池回收工藝非常重要。本研究開發自動化機械拆解、綠色溶劑浸出、離子篩(IS)與電容去離子(CDI)的可行性研究，從廢鋰離子電池回收高價正極原材料。自動拆解過程的概念設計旨在提高目標材料的分離與回收效率並降低運營成本。電池的剩餘電力可以在乾式放電步驟中回收。雙向滾輪與感應夾具用於展開LIB果凍卷。自走夾具與刮刀用於分離沾黏於陽極及隔膜兩側的電極材料。收集後的正極材料使用檸檬酸、過氧化氫等綠色溶劑浸出，並獲得鋰、鈷、鎳及錳的活化能分別為12.8、40.6、53.8與4.89 kJ/mol有利於未來工程放大應用。錳可以在最初的20分鐘內選擇性浸出（>90%），簡化後續IS及CDI的進一步處理。HTi2O4用於從滲濾液中選擇性捕獲Li+ (4.07 mg/g)，並由競爭吸附數據計算鋰，鈷及鎳的分配係數 (Kd) 分別為1.16、0.003與0.001 mg/mL。CDI在低電壓下(0.6-1 V)富集Co2+與Ni2+，吸附容量可以在30分鐘內分別達到1.45 與1.42 mg/g。這項研究顯示以循環經濟方式從廢棄LIB回收正極原料的工程可行性。

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high power efficiency and low memory effect have been widely used in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. A LIB contains lithium, cobalt, nickel, and manganese, especially the relatively high cost of cobalt that needs to be recycled. The lithium battery recycling amount in Taiwan is 600 tons in 2021, which is expected to be 1,100 tons in 2025. Nevertheless, currently spent LIB recycling plants are not available for recycling of LIB raw materials. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop an effective spent LIB recycling process. A feasibility study for the integrated automatic mechanical disabling, green solvent leaching, ion-sieve and capacitive deionization (CDI) was carried out for recycling of valuable cathode raw materials from spent LIBs. The automatic disassembly process was conceptually designed to ensure the expected separation and recycling efficiency of the target material and to reduce operating costs. Residual electricity of spent LIBs could be recovered in the dry-discharge step without wastewater to be treated. Two-way rollers and induction clamps were designed to unroll the jelly roll. Self-moving clips and scrapers were used to separate anode and separator coating materials that stick to both sides. The separated cathode raw materials were leached by green solvents such as citric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The leaching kinetics were controlled by reaction with activation energies of 12.8, 40.6, 53.8 and 4.89 kJ/mol for lithium, cobalt, nickel, and manganese, respectively, which was very useful for engineering scale-up. Manganese could be selectively leached out (>90%) from the ground cathode powders in the first 20 min, providing a simplified way for further processing by IS and CDI. HTi2O4 ion sieve was dispersed on activated carbon to selective capture of Li+ (4.07 mg/g) from the leachate. Their partition coefficients (Kd) for lithium, cobalt, and nickel were 1.16, 0.003, and 0.001 mg/ml, respectively. During CDI, Co2+ and Ni2+ could be enriched under 0.6-1 V, for example, their adsorption capacities could reach 1.45, and 1.42 mg/g, respectively in 30 min under 1 V. This work demonstrates the engineering feasible for recycling of cathode raw materials from spent LIBs in a circular-economy approach.

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