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研究生： 朱冠璋
Chu, Kuan-Chang
論文名稱： 燒結氣氛與燒結溫度對430L、410L、316L、304L不銹鋼特性之影響
Effect of Sintering Atmospheres and Temperatures on the Characteristics of 430L, 410L, 316L, 304L Stainless Steels
指導教授： 黃啟祥
Hwang, Chii-Shyang
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 材料科學及工程學系
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年： 2015
畢業學年度： 103
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 117
中文關鍵詞： 燒結不銹鋼 、燒結氣氛 、燒結溫度 、機械性質 、氮氧分析 、鹽霧試驗
外文關鍵詞： sintered stainless steel, sintering atmosphere, sintering temperature, mechanical properties, oxygen/nitrogen analysis, salt spray test
相關次數： 點閱：99  下載：8 
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    • 隨著汽車產業發展，愈來愈多的汽車零組件為降低成本將一般傳統的不銹鋼材改為粉末冶金方式製備，因此造就粉末冶金不銹鋼之全球需求量持續增加。許多研究透過不同製程方式來探討各種類粉末冶金之不銹鋼其機械性質與耐蝕性質，其中燒結條件之改變是眾多方法中相對具有成本優勢的一種。因此，本研究之目的為為了未來工廠量產之實際運用以及系統化的整理，來探討不同燒結氣氛與燒結溫度對於300系列與400系列不銹鋼之性質影響與差異。
    本研究係以工廠量產設備成形、燒結430L、410L、316L、304L不銹鋼粉末，並系統性探討燒結溫度與不同比例之氮-氫混合燒結氣氛對燒結不銹鋼之密度、機械性質、耐蝕性質之影響，並藉以比較300系列與400系列之不銹鋼受不同燒結條件影響之差異性。
    隨燒結氣氛中的氮氣比例增加，成形體燒結前後之密度變化率有遞減之趨勢。在機械性質部分，隨著氮氣含量的增加，硬度有增加的趨勢，但其延性有減少的趨勢。從組織觀察發現在含氮氣氛下燒結，燒結體之晶界上有明顯的氮化鉻析出，在晶粒內則有大量的類波來鐵組織的氮化鉻析出。然而，透過氮氧分析儀可以發現氮含量較低之燒結不銹鋼，於鹽水環境中之耐孔蝕性質較差。其中，430L與410L不銹鋼之氮含量會受燒結溫度影響較大，燒結溫度越高，不銹鋼之氮含量明顯越少，密度變化率越大；而燒結溫度不同所造成之氮含量差異為影響其機械性質與耐蝕性質之主要因素。

    PM stainless steels are getting more important with the increasing demand around the world. To improve their corrosion resistance and mechanical properties many methods have been investigated. However, most of them need extra cost. Optimization of sintering process may be a promising way as considering the cost of mass production. According to the paper reviews, there are no systematic discussion about sintering process for 300 and 400 series PM stainless steels. The influences of sintering temperatures and atmospheres on microstructures, mechanical and corrosion properties of SS 430L, 410L, 316L, 304L were investigated at sintering temperature of 1150 – 1250 ℃ and atmosphere with different ratio of nitrogen and hydrogen in this study.
    It was found that absorbed nitrogen in stainless steels decreased with the increase of sintering temperature and with the decrease of nitrogen in sintering atmosphere. Absorbed nitrogen would restrain the densification and the shrinkage of all stainless steel samples. Furthermore, sintering atmosphere with different nitrogen contents would affect the hardness and corrosion resistance of all stainless steel samples.
    It was found that the samples sintered in the higher temperature, the samples had the lower porosity, the higher bulk density and the better ductile properties. However, the sintering temperature of 1150 – 1250 ℃ didn’t have obvious influences on the nitrogen contents absorbed in stainless steels except the SS 430L sample.

    摘要 I Abstract III 致謝 X 目錄 XIV 表目錄 XIX 圖目錄 XIX 第一章 緒論 1 1-1前言 1 1-2研究目的 2 第二章 相關文獻回顧與整理 3 2-1 粉末冶金[6] 3 2-2 粉末冶金製程 5 2-2-1 粉末之特性[7,8] 5 2-2-2 製粉之方法[9] 7 2-2-3 粉末成形技術[10] 11 2-2-4 燒結[11] 15 2-3 不銹鋼簡介 22 2-4 粉末冶金不銹鋼發展[16] 27 2-4-1 粉末冶金不銹鋼耐蝕性改善方法 29 2-4-2 燒結溫度對不銹鋼之影響 34 2-4-3 燒結氣氛對不銹鋼效應 37 第三章 實驗步驟與儀器設備 39 3-1實驗流程 39 3-2實驗步驟說明 40 3-3性質量測與分析儀器 42 3-3-1 XRD繞射分析 42 3-3-2金相顯微鏡觀察 42 3-3-3 氮氧含量分析 43 3-3-4密度量測 43 3-3-5尺寸量測 43 3-3-6 硬度量測 44 3-3-7應力-應變曲線量測 44 3-3-8鹽霧試驗 45 3-3-9電化學性質分析 46 第四章 結果與討論 48 4-1燒結不銹鋼試片之結晶相鑑定 48 4-1-1燒結溫度之影響 48 4-1-2燒結氣氛之影響 48 4-1-3討論 49 4-2燒結不銹鋼試片之金相 54 4-2-1燒結溫度之影響 54 4-2-2燒結氣氛之影響 54 4-2-3討論 55 4-3燒結不銹鋼試片之氮含量 61 4-3-1燒結溫度之影響 61 4-3-2燒結氣氛之影響 61 4-3-3討論 61 4-4燒結不銹鋼試片之體密度 66 4-4-1燒結溫度之關係 66 4-4-2燒結氣氛之影響 67 4-4-3討論 68 4-5燒結不銹鋼試片之尺寸變化率 77 4-5-1燒結溫度之影響 77 4-5-2燒結氣氛之影響 77 4-5-3討論 78 4-6燒結不銹鋼試片之尺寸變化率與體密度變化率關係 81 4-6-1燒結溫度之影響 81 4-6-2燒結氣氛之影響 81 4-7燒結不銹鋼試片之硬度 86 4-7-1燒結溫度之影響 86 4-7-2燒結氣氛之影響 86 4-7-3討論 87 4-8燒結不銹鋼試片之應力-應變曲線 91 4-8-1燒結溫度之影響 91 4-8-2 燒結氣氛之影響 91 4-8-3討論 92 4-9燒結不銹鋼試片之鹽霧試驗 97 4-9-1鹽霧試驗結果 97 4-9-2討論 97 4-10 燒結不銹鋼之電化學動電位極化測試 104 4-10-1試片極化曲線結果與燒結溫度關係 104 4-10-2試片極化曲線結果與燒結氣氛關係 104 4-10-3討論 105 第五章 結論 111 第六章 未來展望 113 References 114

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