| 研究生: |
蘇媛媛 Su, Yuan-Yuan |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
識別設計表現技法之教學對手繪技能的影響 The effect of teaching design sketch criteria on sketching skills |
| 指導教授: |
馬敏元
Ma, Min-Yuan |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
規劃與設計學院 - 工業設計學系 Department of Industrial Design |
| 論文出版年: | 2017 |
| 畢業學年度: | 105 |
| 語文別: | 英文 |
| 論文頁數: | 78 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 手繪 、產品草圖 、工業設計 、設計過程 、專家 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | sketch, product sketch, industrial design, design process, expert |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:121 下載:20 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
工業設計透過手繪、3D建模、展版呈現,能與客戶更詳細的溝通和精確地了解其外觀樣貌和使用功能。然而,專家在產品的表現技法中,能運用經驗與技巧,將原本的設計概念處理得更清晰與吸引人。本研究目的為:讓新手學習專家如何以專業眼光評價草圖,並將專家之評價作為識別教學課程設計,提供一個明確的學習目標,提升整體繪圖技能。
本研究運用評價構造法(EGM, Evaluation Grid Method)針對專家對於圖面的專業評價進行調查,擬訂草圖專業評價之準則。接著,將準則設計為輔助學習教材,提供初學者自我檢核與能力補強之用途。
實驗結果採用成對T檢定,探討受測者在實驗後,對於技能之提升是否有顯著影響研究結果顯示:教材在設計流程「ideate」中給予學生之輔助學習有正向提升。且教材不論投入哪個階段,學生皆在「Detail Design」會有明顯提升的表現。最後,有七項準則,可透過觀念的快速傳遞,讓圖面有提升的正向影響,分別為:「符合圖學邏輯的繪製」 、「整體繪畫風格的呈現」、「有吸引力的外觀設計 」、「精準的產品概念說明」、「焦點視覺方向的建構」、「吸引人的畫面張力」、「明確的資訊傳達」; 而有四項準則,則是需要更多時間磨練才能進步之觀念,分別為:「流暢率性的線條表現」、「襯托主體的技巧」、「有層次感的版面配置」、「均衡的佈局」。
Industrial design communicates more detail to customers and provides an accurate understanding of design appearance and application through sketching, 3D modeling, and panel displays. However, with regard to the technique of expression of products, experts depend on experience and skills to make the original design concept clearer and more attractive. The purpose of this study is to let novice learner-experts evaluate a sketch in a professional way. Moreover, these professional evaluations were used in the design of a learning through identification course that provides a clear goal of study as well as enhances the overall drawing skills of students.
In this study, the Evaluation Grid Method (EGM) was used to investigate the professional evaluation of the drawings and develop the criteria for professional sketch evaluation. Then, guidelines were designed as supplementary learning materials that were provided to beginners for self-examination and reinforcement of capability.
The Paired-Sample T-Test was used to investigate the results of the study and see whether the experiment had a significant effect on the improvement of the skills of the subjects. Study results showed that in the “ideate” stage, the supplementary teaching materials given to students had a positive effect. Furthermore, regardless of when the teaching materials were introduced, students showed a significantly improved performance in “detail design”. Finally, through the rapid transfer of concepts, images can be enhanced through the following seven criteria: “satisfy basic drawing logic”, “a technique that showcases the main subject matter”, “attractive exterior design”, “precise product descriptions”, “construction of a focal point and visual direction”, “dramatic tension on the image”, “clear delivery of information”. Moreover, a longer period of time is required for honing the following four criteria and to ensure progress. These criteria are “smooth and direct lines”, “overall drawing style”, “hierarchical layout”, and “comfortable layout”.
Foreign literature
Booth, J. W., Taborda, E. A., Ramani, K., & Reid, T. (2016). Interventions for teaching sketching skills and reducing inhibition for novice engineering designers. Design Studies, 43, 1-23.
Buxton, B. (2010). Sketching user experiences: getting the design right and the right design. Morgan Kaufmann. Goldschmidt, G. (1992). Serial sketching: visual problem solving in designing. Cybernetics and System, 23(2), 191-219.
Do, E. Y. L. (2005). Design sketches and sketch design tools. Knowledge-Based Systems, 18(8), 383-405.
Farzaneh, H. H., Kaiser, M. K., & Lindemann, U. (2012). Creative processes in groups - relating communication, cognitive processes, and solution ideas. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Design Creativity. Glasgow, UK.
Garner, S. W. (1990). Drawing and designing: the case for reappraisal. Journal of Art & Design Education, 9, 39–55.
Goel, V. (1995). Sketches of thought. MIt Press.
Goldschmidt, G. (1991). The dialectics of sketching. Creativity research journal, 4(2), 123-143.
Heskett, J. (1980). Industrial design (p. 72). London: Thames and Hudson.
ICSID, 2015. Definition of Industrial Design, A renewed definition of industrial design, http://www.icsid.org.
Kavakli, M., Scrivener, S. A., & Ball, L. J. (1998). Structure in idea sketching behavior. Design studies, 19(4), 485-517.
Kavakli, M., Scrivener, S. A., & Ball, L. J. (1998). Structure in idea sketching behaviour. Design studies, 19(4), 485-517.
Kelly. G. A. (1955). The psychology of personal constructs (Vol. 2). New York NY: Norton.
Lawson, B. (2006). How designers think: The design process demystified. Routledge.
Linstone, H. A., & Turoff, M. (Eds.). (1975). The Delphi method: Techniques and applications (Vol. 29). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Martindale, C. (1999). Handbook of creativity. Chapter: Biological Bases of Creativity. (pp. 140–148). Cambridge University Press.
Martindale, C. (1999). Handbook of creativity. Chapter: Biological Bases of Creativity. (pp. 140–148). Cambridge University Press.
McKim, R. H. (1972). Experiences in visual thinking.
Morgan, David L. (1997). Focus Groups as Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publishing
Murray, J. A., Bradley, H., Craigie, W. A., & Onions, C. T. (1970). The Oxford English Dictionary. Clarendon.
Oehlberg, L., Lau, K., & Agogino, A. (2009). Tangible interactions in a digital age: medium and graphic visualizations in design journals. AIEDAM, 23, 227249.
Pable, J. (2008). In search of speed, accuracy, and student confidence: Results from two perspective sketching exercise methods. In South Regional IDETC Conference (pp. 18–24). Auburn, Alabama.
Pei, E., Campbell, I., & Evans, M. (2011). A taxonomic classification of visual design representations used by industrial designers and engineering designers. The Design Journal, 14(1), 64-91.
Rattine-Flaherty, E. (2014). Participatory sketching as a tool to address students’ public speaking anxiety. Communication Teacher, 28, 26–31.
Richards, J. (2013). Freehand Drawing & Discovery: Urban Sketching and Concept Drawing for Designers. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Schmidt, L. C., Hernandez, N. V., & Ruocco, A. L. (2012). Research on encouraging sketching in engineering design. AIEDAM, 26, 303–315.
Schütze, M., Sachse, P., & Römer, A. (2003). Support value of sketching in the design process. Research in Engineering Design, 14(2), 89-97.
Suwa, M. & Tversky, B. (1996). What architects see in their sketches: Implications for design tools, In J. T. Michael, Human factors in computing systems: Conference companion,(191-192), Canada: British Columbia.
Suwa, M., Gero, J. S., & Purcell, T. (1999). How an architect created design requirements. In Design Thinking Research Symposium: Design Representation (Vol. 2, pp. 101-124). MIT, Cambridge.
Tovey, M. (1989). Drawing and CAD in industrial design. Design Studies, 10(1), 24-39.
Ullman, D. G., Wood, S., & Craig, D. (1990). The importance of drawing in the mechanical design process. Computers & Graphics, 14, 263 – 274.
Van der Lugt, R. (2005). How sketching can affect the idea generation process in design group meetings. Design studies, 26(2), 101-122.
Wang, C. S., & Li, C. C. (2000). An assessment framework for information technology integrated instruction. In ICCE (International Conference on Computers in Education)/ICCAI (International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction).
Yang, M. C., & Cham, J. G. (2007). An analysis of sketching skill and its role in early stage engineering design. Journal of Mechanical Design, 129(5), 476-482.
ZURB studio (1998).Design Process.[Web/Blog]Retrieved form http://zurb.com/word/design-process
Junichiro Sanui & Masao Inui (1986)。Extraction of living environment evaluation structure by lever tree grid development method - Study on living environment evaluation based on cognitive psychology (1).Japanese Architecture Society, p367。
Chinese literature
Chinese literature
Kelley, T., & Littman, J. (2002). IDEA Story: Global Leadership Design Company - IDEO Secrets. Ta Kuai Culture.
Krueger, Richard A.(2003).Focus group. Chiayi City: waterstone culture。
NOVA Design CO. Ltd. (2012). Product design services from http://www.e-novadesign.com
Yong-xiang Tu. (2004). Product design drawing: pencil sketch. Ya Tai Book store.
Min-yuan Ma.(2010). Dive into the Consumers' World: The Introduction of New Product Development in Japan (280), 160-172.
Chuan-kai Liu.(2009) Product creative design.Taipei: North Star