台灣西南部地區自1950年代開始因飲用含高濃度砷的地下水導致烏腳病大流行，近年雖已停止直接飲用地下水，但含砷地下水依舊使用於灌溉農業、養殖漁業，造成人類身體的危害。本次研究藉由連續萃取法及X光繞射分析台南西南部陸域以及海域的鐵礦物結核試圖增進我們對於環境中砷的理解，並釐清以下問題：(一)砷在鐵礦物結核中的分布情形，釐清鐵礦物結核富集砷的能力。(二)礦物結核富集砷的機制。(三)陸域及海域鐵礦物結核對於砷富集機制的制約。(四)礦物結核與沉積物砷分布上的差異。(五)台灣西南部砷在環境中循環的過程。21個陸域鐵礦物結核藉由X光繞射礦物相分析結果分成四群，Group-L-I為磁黃鐵礦的結核，平均總砷濃度54.5 mg/kg；Group-L-II為硫複鐵礦結核，平均總砷濃度51.6 mg/kg；Group-L-III為鐵氫氧化物結核，平均總砷濃度356.9 mg/kg； Group-L-IV為磁黃鐵礦的結核，平均總砷濃度304.2 mg/kg。16個海域結核採樣自台灣西南外海永安海脊，平均總砷濃度92.1 mg/kg。連續萃取與XRD礦物相分析呈現出不一樣的結果，礦物相分析顯示沒有含有FeOOH的Group-L-I、Group-L-II兩群標本卻含有高濃度與FeOOH結合的砷。此差異可以根據1N HCl無法完全溶解AVS的實驗結果來進行解釋，沒有被完全萃取出的與AVS結合之砷被遺留到後續步驟才被萃取出，而計算結果也證實只需要低於< 1% FeOOH即可提供足量的砷，因此才會呈現連續萃取與礦物相分析相違背的結果。在能夠有效富集砷的礦物方面海域鐵礦物結核則異於陸域鐵礦物結核，雖然FeOOH因其對砷的高分配係數導致在鐵礦物結核中FeOOH皆佔據主導地位，但XRD與連續萃取結果呈現鐵氧化物在海域鐵礦物結核中是僅次於FeOOH的次高砷富集礦物。鐵礦物結核的總砷濃度大於嘉南平原沉積物的平均砷濃度，而兩者之間的礦物相差異也證實鐵礦物結核相較沉積物而言是穩定的砷寄主，根據鐵礦物結核濃度、嘉南平原沉積物的平均砷濃度、鐵礦物結核在沉積物中比例等參數可以計算得知沉積物當中含有除了鐵礦物結核以外的砷來源。鐵礦物結核的連續萃取結果與礦物相組成能夠對台灣西南部的砷循環提供重要的制約，因此本研究對台灣西南部的砷循環提出以下建議模型：(1)中央山脈含砷硫化物經風化後受河流搬運入海，途中砷與鐵經由沉澱作用移除部分的砷。(2)硫化物進入海洋後受到氧化，形成鐵(氫)氧化物並富集砷。(3)經過抬升到陸域環境受到深埋作用、還原性流體入侵、地下水還原作用，鐵礦物結核分解釋放砷至地下水。

In this study, geochemical analyses of iron nodules in the southwest Taiwan land and off-shore were performed to improve the understanding of the enrichment mechanism of arsenic in iron nodules by sequence extraction. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) The total arsenic concentration of iron nodules in both land and off-shore is much higher than the average arsenic concentration in the sediments of the Chianan Plain indicates that iron nodules are more stable arsenic host than sediments. (2) Iron oxyhydroxide plays a dominant role in iron nodules due to its high partition coefficient for arsenic. Despite the small proportion of goethite in the Group-L-I and Group-L-II sediments, its contribution to the total arsenic concentration is still significant. (3) Based on the sequence extraction results and mineralogical analysis, it was confirmed that the iron oxides in MD178-3276 are capable of enriching arsenic, but the partition coefficient of iron oxides is lower than that of iron oxyhydroxides, thus the total arsenic concentration in the off-shore iron nodules is lower than that in the land sample containing iron oxyhydroxides. (4) Base on this study, we suggest an arsenic cycling model including interactions between sediments and nodules in SW Taiwan.

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