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研究生: 李尹婷
Lee, Yin-Ting
論文名稱: 建立產品「操作可見性」之線上評價模式
Establish of Online Evaluation Model for Affordance in Product
指導教授: 蕭世文
Hsiao, Shih-Wen
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 規劃與設計學院 - 工業設計學系
Department of Industrial Design
論文出版年: 2009
畢業學年度: 97
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 97
中文關鍵詞: 評價要素操作可見性(Affordance)線上評價
外文關鍵詞: Online Evaluation, Elements of Evaluation, Affordance(Operation Visibility)
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  • “Affordance”旨在利用生態心理學解釋自然環境中所有物質其物理屬性的組合能與生物之間存在某種對應關係,而Norman首先將這觀念應用於介面設計上。近年來,深澤直人也運用“Affordance”理論暢談「無思考」設計,讓“Affordance”在設計界形成一股新潮流。
    “Affordance”因過於抽象化,使得發展至今仍無明確定義與完善評價方式,本研究將“Affordance”譯為「操作可見性」,意指提供一個有效而明確的方法來解釋產品,進而引導使用者正確地操作產品。本研究的出發點為探討「操作可見性」與產品之關連性,並訂定出「操作可見性」之評價要素,以建立產品「操作可見性」之線上評價模式將評價結果有效的量化,了解產品整體性與各項構件之「操作可見性」特質程度,進而提供產品「操作可見性」後續修正方向,讓產品達到不需說明或思考便能正確地被操作。

    "Affordance" focuses on ecological psychology which can explain the interaction between the natural environment and its physical property of material with a combination of biology. This concept is first applied on interface design by Norman. Naoto Fukasawa also holds this theory to originate the "Without Thought" design. "Affordance" is therefore a new leading trend in design field.
    There has been no definite definition of the theory which is being extra abstract, nor a precise method we can evaluate it. In this study, "Affordance" has been translated as "Operation Visibility" ,which aims at providing an efficient and clear method to give a clear instruction of the product, serving as the precise guide for users. The goal of this study is to discuss the connection between "Affordance" and the products then further to define the evaluation elements of "Affordance. We also target to build the online evaluation system for "Affordance" on product and to effectively quantify the results of the evaluation. With the understanding on the characteristics of “Affordance” on the wholeness and the components of the product, we are provided the direction for the later amendment, which contributes to the operation, without instruction but ease and accuracy, of the product.

    摘要.....................................................I Abstract................................................II 致謝...................................................III 目錄....................................................IV 表目錄................................................ VII 圖目錄..................................................IX 第一章 緒論............................................1 1-1研究動機與背景....................................1 1-2研究目的..........................................3 1-3研究流程..........................................4 1-4論文架構說明......................................5 1-5研究對象與限制....................................7 第二章 文獻探討..........................................8 2-1「操作可見性」(Affordance)........................8 2-1-1「操作可見性」相關論述......................8 2-1-2「操作可見性」發展沿革.....................12 2-2「操作可見性」與設計.............................14 2-2-1「操作可見性」應用於產品之優點.............14 2-2-2 造型訊息認知與「操作可見性」之關聯探討....15 2-3「操作可見性」應用於產品設計之研究現況...........16 2-3-1產品評價領域之應用.........................16 2-3-2產品開發流程之應用.........................22 2-3-3產品曖昧意涵釐清相關研究...................25 2-3-4小結.......................................27 2-4「操作可見性」與相關理論之探討...................28 2-4-1產品語意...................................28 2-4-2直覺設計...................................29 2-4-3感性工學...................................31 2-3線上評價現況.....................................31 第三章 研究理論.........................................33 3-1多變量分析(Multivariate Analysis)................33 3-1-1 多元尺度法(Multidimensional scaling,MDS)..35 3-1-2 集群分析(Cluster Analysis,CA).....................38 3-2層級程序分析法(Analytic Hierarchical Process,AHP)41 第四章 研究流程與方法...................................45 4-1「操作可見性」之評價要素確立與權重訂定...........45 4-1-1「操作可見性」要素收集.....................46 4-1-2「操作可見性」要素篩選.............................48 4-1-2-1實驗樣本製作.....................................49 4-1-2-2相似性實驗.......................................50 4-1-2-3多元尺度分析.....................................51 4-1-2-4集群分析.........................................53 4-1-2-5分群結果.........................................54 4-1-3「操作可見性」要素權重之訂定.......................56 4-2「操作可見性」評價模式之建立.....................59 4-2-1評價產品選定...............................59 4-2-2產品操作步驟和構件分析.............................60 4-2-3構件權重計算.......................................60 4-2-4評價問題的擬定.....................................60 4-2-5制定結果計算方式...................................62 4-2-6評價模式完成.......................................62 4-3「操作可見性」評價模式線上化.....................63 4-3-1線上評價模式架構說明.......................64 4-3-2 線上評價模式系統說明..............................64 第五章 實例應用與驗證...................................73 5-1實例應用-以PHILIPS GC2510蒸氣熨斗為例............73 5-1-1產品操作步驟和構件分析.....................73 5-1-2構件權重計算...............................74 5-1-3評價問題的擬定.............................75 5-1-4結果計算方式...............................76 5-1-5線上評價...................................76 5-2實例驗證.........................................83 5-2-1線上評價之驗證.............................83 5-2-2評價模式之驗證.............................84 第六章 結論與建議.......................................89 6-1研究結論.........................................89 6-2研究檢討.........................................90 6-3研究建議.........................................90 參考文獻................................................91 附錄一 評價要素之層級分析調查問卷.......................95 附錄二 產品構件之層級分析調查問卷.......................97 表目錄 表2-1 不同觀點對「操作可見性」的相關論述................11 表2-2 Affordance(操作可見性)的發展......................13 表2-3「操作可見性」與知覺訊息的呈現狀況.................20 表2-4 操作任務分析之內容................................20 表2-5 品牌A的產品呈現「操作可見性」之類別狀況...........21 表2-6「操作可見性」相關評價研究之比較...................21 表2-7 椅子與「功能可見性」之對應關係....................26 表2-8「操作可見性」與產品語意的主要差異表...............29 表2-9直覺使用與「操作可見性」的差異.....................31 表2-10感性工學與「操作可見性」的差異....................31 表3-1隨機一致性指標(RI)表.............................44 表4-1「操作可見性」論述之關鍵字擷取.....................46 表4-2「操作可見性」初步要素.............................48 表4-3 MDS相似性實驗尺度.................................51 表4-4 受測者相似矩陣....................................51 表4-5 受測者相異矩陣....................................52 表4-6 平均矩陣..........................................52 表4-7 維度與壓力係數關係................................52 表4-8 Kruskal壓力係數表.................................53 表4-9四維度的點坐標資料.................................53 表4-10初步要素K平均法集群結果...........................54 表4-11各集群之樣本及代性樣本............................55 表4-12 受測者要素重要性相關矩陣.........................57 表4-13要素重要性相關平均矩陣............................57 表4-14 各要素之相關權重.................................57 表4-15 產品操作步驟及相關構件分析.......................60 表4-16產品操作步驟與各相關構件之權重....................61 表4-17 評價要素之問題轉換...............................61 表4-18 評價結果計算方式.................................62 表5-1 PHILIPS GC2510蒸氣熨斗操作步驟及其構件分析........74 表5-2要素重要性相關平均矩陣.............................74 表5-3 各構件之相關權重..................................75 表5-4 評價問題的擬定....................................75 表5-5 線上評價和實體評價之結果..........................85 表5-6 構件修改前與修改後................................86 表5-7修改後之線上評價結果...............................88 表5-8 修改前與修改後之「操作可見性」評價結果............88 圖目錄 圖1-1 研究架構...........................................6 圖2-1 「操作可見性」和感知訊息之間的評價關係............17 圖2-2 功能任務互動矩陣FTIM法............................18 圖2-3 「操作可見性」、感知訊息和符號三者間之關係框架....19 圖2-4 現有產品開發流程與加入(粗框)「操作可見性」的方法..22 圖2-5 基礎「操作可見性」設計過程之概述..................24 圖2-6 「操作可見性」個別設計方法........................25 圖2-7 同形式之大、中、小三種尺寸容器....................27 圖2-8 「操作可見性」與產品語意所角色差異................29 圖3-1 多變量分析之分類..................................34 圖3-2 互依方法之分類....................................34 圖3-3 發展知覺圖的方法..................................35 圖3-4 多元尺度的決策流程................................36 圖3-5 集群分析的決策流程................................39 圖3-6 層級程序分析法(AHP)執行流程.......................42 圖4-1 「操作可見性」要素篩選流程........................49 圖4-2 初步要素實驗樣本..................................50 圖4-3 AHP權重訂定流程...................................56 圖4-4 「操作可見性」評價模式流程........................59 圖4-5 線上評價模式之架構流程............................65 圖4-6 線上評價系統說明..................................66 圖4-7 點選構件畫面......................................68 圖4-8 構件圖片呈現畫面..................................69 圖4-9 作答畫面..........................................69 圖4-10 測驗結束畫面.....................................70 圖4-11 整體評價結果.....................................71 圖4-12 操作評價結果.....................................71 圖4-13 構件評價結果.....................................72 圖4-14 要素評價結果.....................................72 圖5-1 線上評價畫面......................................77 圖5-2 線上評價點選構件畫面..............................77 圖5-3 線上評價構件特寫畫面..............................78 圖5-4 構鍵操作方式的選擇................................78 圖5-5 線上評價答題錯誤的提示............................79 圖5-6 構件之訊息告知作答畫面............................79 圖5-7 繼續下一操作步驟之答題............................80 圖5-8 最後一項評價問題..................................80 圖5-9評價結束之畫面.....................................81 圖5-10整體評價結果之畫面................................81 圖5-11 操作評價結果之畫面...............................82 圖5-12 構件評價結果之畫面...............................82 圖5-13 要素評價結果之畫面...............................83

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    網站部分
    37.http://dxmonline.com/article/516101369/

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