氣化是利用熱化學程序生產高熱值之氣體，如氫氣、一氧化碳、甲烷和其他碳氫化合物。其產物氣體中，氫氣和一氧化碳又被總稱為合成氣，合成氣主要又可做為熱和電之生產或用於合成燃料與化學品。生質物可以做為氣化程序之燃料，然而，未經處理過之生質物本質上為一低熱值且易吸濕之燃料，由於生質物含水分高，因此導致燃燒效率低。
焙燒生質物為原料生質物經焙燒程序後而生產之燃料，此程序為一種溫和裂解之熱處理程序，該程序操作於溫度範圍為200-300°C於惰性或氮氣環境下。焙燒程序可以改變原料生質物之物理與化學性質。然而，相較於利用原料生質物發展生質能，近年來以焙燒生質物發展生質能得到越來越多學者關注。因此，本論文目標為比較原料生質物和焙燒生質物於氣化程序下之效能分析，並且評估焙燒生質物於氣化程序下游端之潛在應用性。
首先，本研究藉由Aspen Plus軟體建立下吸式固定床氣化爐，並經由熱力學分析比較三種生質物氣化效能，分別為原料刺竹、焙燒溫度為250°C之刺竹和焙燒溫度為300°C之刺竹。當量比和水蒸氣量比為氣化反應過程中之兩個重要操縱變數。氣化效能即評估冷氣體效率和碳轉化效率。分析結果指出當原料刺竹經過焙燒後有助於合成氣產率提升。由於焙燒溫度為300°C之刺竹本身熱值較其他兩燃料高，造成冷氣體效率最低。由碳轉化效率分析結果發現，原料刺竹和焙燒溫度為250°C之刺竹不管在任操作條件下，碳轉化效率皆能超過90%。從模擬預測結果可得知，當同時考慮合成氣產率、冷氣體效率和碳轉化效率下，焙燒溫度為250°C之刺竹是最合適氣化程序之燃料。
本研究接著分析生質物與煤炭共氣化系統下能源轉化效率和可用能效率。結果發現於共氣化系統下，雖然燃料混合比為系統重要參數，但在各燃料碳邊界點下添加二氧化碳，可提升系統能源轉化效率和可用能效率。當結合熱電系統，模擬結果顯示，相較於使用混合40wt%原料木頭和60wt%煤炭之燃料，當使用混合40wt%焙燒木頭和60wt%煤炭之燃料，發電效率可提升8.43%。相較於使用100wt%之煤炭發電，當混合40wt%焙燒木頭和60wt%煤炭做為燃料，二氧化碳排放量可以降低38.22%。
本研究最後建立一共氣化混合式二氧化碳捕捉發電廠，其結合焙燒生質物與煤炭共氣化、固態氧化燃料電池和鈣迴路二氧化碳捕捉。利用熱力學分析評估兩種混合式二氧化碳捕捉發電系統效能，分別為二氧化碳於固態氧化燃料電池前捕捉和二氧化碳於固態氧化燃料電池後捕捉。於不同的焙燒生質物混合比下，利用最適化分析找到各混合比之碳邊界點並以得到最大合成氣產率。模擬結果顯示，在能源轉換效率的觀點下，前捕捉設計優於後捕捉設計。然而，後捕捉設計相較於前捕捉設計可減少排放94.19%之二氧化碳，但需額外損耗4.17%之能源。藉由系統內部熱回收，後捕捉設計之能源損耗可降低到1.09%。整體而言，後捕捉二氧化碳設計之熱整合共氣化混合式發電廠較推薦使用。

Gasification is a thermochemical process that is currently used to produce higher calorific value gases, such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, and other hydrocarbons. In these product gases, the hydrogen and carbon monoxide are called synthesis gas (syngas) which is widely used in heat or power generation and the synthesis of fuels and chemicals. Biomass can be used as a feedstock for gasification. However, raw biomass is generally characterized by a relatively low calorific value and hygroscopic nature, and thus a high moisture content, which causes the low combustion efficiency
Torrefied biomass is produced by thermally pretreating the raw biomass. This process is known as torrefaction, which is a mild pyrolysis process carried out in the temperature range of 200-300°C under an inert or nitrogen atmosphere. Torrefaction enhances the physical and chemical properties of raw biomass. Compared to traditional approaches to the production of raw biomass energy, the application of torrefied biomass is attracting increasing attention in recent years. For these reasons, the aims of this thesis are to compare the gasification performance between raw and torrefied biomass and to evaluate the potential applications of torrefied biomass in downstream process.
First of all, the gasification performances of three biomass materials, including raw bamboo, torrefied bamboo at 250 °C (TB250), and torrefied bamboo at 300 °C (TB300), in a downdraft fixed bed gasifier are evaluated through thermodynamic analysis. Two parameters of modified equivalence ratio (ERm) and steam supply ratio (SSR) are considered to account for their impacts on biomass gasification. The cold gas efficiency (CGE) and carbon conversion (CC) are adopted as the indicators to examine the gasification performances. The analyses suggest that bamboo undergoing torrefaction is conducive to increasing syngas yield. Because the higher heating value of TB300 is much higher than those of raw bamboo and TB250, the former has the lowest CGE among the three fuels. The values of CC of raw bamboo and TB250 are always larger than 90% within the investigated ranges of ERm and SSR. The predictions suggest that TB250 is a more feasible fuel for gasification after simultaneously considering syngas yield, CGE, and CC.
A co-gasification system blending coal and biomass is then examined in terms of energy conversion efficiency (ECE) and exergy efficiency (EE). Although the percentage of raw wood (RW), torrefied wood (TW) and coal in steam co-gasification is one of the most important parameters that affect the gasification process, the addition of CO2 could effectively improve ECE and EE while the steam-to-carbon ratio (S/C) is adjusted at the carbon boundary point (CBP). A combined heat and power (CHP) system is illustrated to assess performance in terms of power generation. The results show that the total power generation by feeding the TW-based fuel blend of 40 wt% TW and 60 wt% coal is increased by 8.43%, as compared to that of the RW-based fuel blend of 40 wt% RW and 60 wt% coal. Compared with 100 wt% coal fuel, the TW-based fuel can significantly reduce CO2 specific emission by 38.23 %.
Finally, a clean hybrid power plant using a combination of integrated torrefied biomass co-gasification (TBCG), solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), and calcium looping (CaL) CO2 capture is developed. Based on pre-SOFC (Design I) and post-SOFC (Design II) configurations, thermodynamic analysis is adopted to examine the performance of hybrid power generation plants. The carbon boundary points (CBPs) for different torrefied biomass blending ratios (TBBRs) are found using specific optimization algorithms to maximize the syngas yield. From the viewpoint of energy utilization, the simulation results show that Design I is superior to Design II. However, the CO2 emissions of Design II are lower than those of Design I by 94.19%, although it has an accompanying energy penalty of 4.17%. Due to its use of the internal heat recovery approach, the energy penalty of Design II falls to 1.09%. As a whole, Design II with the heat integration design is recommended for use in hybrid power plants.

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