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研究生：	林志豪 Lin, Chih-Hao
論文名稱：	針對CTIA-OTA驗證的Smart Handheld Device之雜訊解決對策 Smart Handheld Device of Noise Solution Strategies for CTIA-OTA Test
指導教授：	王宗一 Wang, Tzone-I
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 工程科學系碩士在職專班 Department of Engineering Science (on the job class)
論文出版年：	2009
畢業學年度：	97
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	52
中文關鍵詞：	智慧型手持設備、雜訊
外文關鍵詞：	CTIA, 3GPP, OTA, TIS, WWAN, Smart handheld device
相關次數：	點閱：59 下載：0
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從ETSI在1988創立GSM標準，至今已過了20年了，隨著這幾年來智慧型手持設備的CPU運算能力的增進跟週邊設備的高速傳輸能力，手機可執行更複雜的應用需求。現今市場對於智慧型手持設備可能具有GSM (WWAN), GPS, WLAN, Bluetooth或是DTV，甚至在特定商業用途尚需具備Barcode reader或是RFID之功能，並且要求機型的尺寸跟外型必需符合主流市場上的要求；這些種種之要求帶給工程師在設計開發上更多的挑戰，因為如此多的無線裝置共存在一個有限的區域內，將會影響到手機之射頻性能，特別是表現在接收通話這部份。根據3GPP組織的RF transmitter and receiver performance test的章節，手機在CTIA組織認可的3D實驗室，必須要測試OTA測項，其中一個需要投入較多精神去研究跟解決的項目是TIS測項的雜訊干擾。本篇論文將會專注在面對CTIA-OTA當中的TIS雜訊對策，如何發現雜訊在機板上的來源，並且逐步的排除問題，文章中也提供一些常見存在的問題討論，以及在解決問題前，必須要具備的儀器跟工具介紹。

In 1988, ETSI (European Telecommunication Standards Institute) established GSM standard. After over 20 years development, and particularly in recent years that mobile phones have much faster CPU and mobile peripheral device transmission capacity; mobile phones can execute highly complicated operations now. In current market requirement, smart handheld device may integrate GSM (WWAN), GPS, WLAN, Bluetooth or DVB; moreover, some business applications even need Barcode reader or RFID. Since to wireless devices have limited design area, this mechanical restraint brings more challenges for engineers. Therefore many wireless devices with multifunction design will diminish RF performance. One of the important issues to discuss is GSM receiver sensitivity. According to 3GPP in RF transmitter and receiver performance conformance test, mobile phones at CTIA certificated 3D laboratory must test Over The Air (OTA) items. One of the test items requiring more efforts is TIS on noise issue. This thesis will focus on when confront CTIA-OTA of TIS issue, how to discover root-cause noise and how to use step-by-step experiment to get test result, analyzing data and via RF instrument to investigate EUT noise source. In addition, it also provides common cases for discussion and necessary RF instruments, tooling and material instruction.

摘要	III
ABSTRACT	IV
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	V
LIST OF FIGURES	IX
LIST OF TABLES	XI
CHAPTER 1	1
INTRODUCTION	1
1.1  THE DEFINITION FOR SMART HANDHELD DEVICE	1
1.2  SMART HAND-HELD DEVICE IN CURRENT MARKET ANALYSIS	1
1.3  WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS?	1
CHAPTER 2	3
CTIA IN OTA TEST OVERVIEW	3
2.1  EVALUATION CRITERIA & TEST PLANS	3
2.2  WHAT’S IMPORTANT FOR CTIA-OTA TEST	3
2.3  TEST PLAN REQUIREMENTS	4
2.4  SCOPE OF MEASUREMENTS	4
2.5  MOBILE STATION MEASUREMENTS--TRANSMITTER	5
2.6  MOBILE STATION MEASUREMENTS--RECEIVER	6
2.7  CTIA-OTA TEST CRITERIA	7
2.8  ANECHOIC CHAMBER TYPES	8
CHAPTER 3	10
NOISE SOURCES AND EXAMPLES	10
3.1  THE NOISE	10
3.2  DEFINITION OF SOURCE	10
3.3  DEFINITION OF PATH	10
3.3.1 THE AIR COUPLING PATH	11
3.3.2 THE CONDUCTION PATH	12
3.4  DEFINITION OF RECEPTOR	12
3.5  DIFFICULTY FOR FINDING AND BLOCKING (ERASING) NOISE	12
3.6  THE MOST OFTEN SEEN EXAMPLES	12
3.6.1 Poor Grounding	12
3.6.2 CPU Clock Harmonic	13
Example 1:	13
Example 2:	14
Example 3:	15
Example 4:	15
Example 5:	16
CHAPTER 4	17
SOLUTION STRATEGIES AND PROCEDURES	17
4.1  FOR HARMONIC EXPERIMENT IMPLEMENTATION	17
Step 1:	17
Step 2:	21
Step 3:	21
Step 4:	22
Step 5:	23
Step 6:	24
Step 7:	25
4.2  THE STRATEGIES FOR SYSTEM GROUNDING AND HARMONIC PROBLEMS	27
4.2.1 Gasket Solution	27
4.2.2 Clip Solution	29
4.2.3 Harmonic Solution for 48MHz	31
4.2.4 Harmonic Solution for CPU 24.576MHz	32
4.2.5 Harmonic Solution for 13MHz	33
CHAPTER 5	35
EXPERIMENTS AND CONCLUSION	35
5.1  THE NECESSARY TOOL FOR NOISE EXPERIMENT	35
5.1.1 High Frequency Probe	35
5.1.2 Close-Field Probe	36
5.1.3 Monopole Antenna to Scan	36
5.1.4 Use Agilent 8960 and Chamber to Scan EIS	37
5.1.5 Noise Floor Measurement	38
5.2  THE ALTERNATE MATERIAL FOR HELPING NOISE	39
5.2.1 EMI Gasket	39
5.2.1.1 EMI Gasket Application	39
5.2.2 EMI Absorber	40
5.2.2.1 EMI Absorber Application	42
5.2.3 Fabric Tape	44
5.2.3.1 Fabric Tape Application	44
5.2.4 Copper Foil Tape	45
5.2.4.1 Copper Foil Tape Application	45
5.3  THE SUCCESSFULLY IMPLEMENT CASE DISCUSSION	45
5.3.1 3D Chamber Preliminary Result	45
5.3.2 Debug by RF Equipments	46
5.3.3 EIS Scan Result	48
5.3.4 Add Absorber on Inductors	48
5.3.5 Modify PWM Inductors Location	49
5.3.6 The Final Pass AT&T Requirement	49
REFERENCES	50
VITA	52
                                    

[1] 3GPP TS 51.010-1, URL http://www.3gpp.org
[2] ETSI EN 300 910, URL http://www.etsi.org
[3] CTIA Test Plan for Mobile Station OTA Performance Revision 2.2.1, URL http://www.ctia.org
[4] Federal Communications Commission, URL http://www.fcc.gov
[5] MarvellPXA270 Processor Family Electrical, Mechanical and Thermal Specification Data Sheet, April, 2005.
[6] Agilent 8960 Series 10 (E5515C) Wireless Communication Test Set Document and Application Notes, URL http://www.agilent.com.
[7] Agilent E4407B Spectrum Analyzer of Application Notes., URL http://www.agilent.com
[8] Agilent 11940A Close-Field probe Application Notes, URL http://www.agilent.com
[9] Agilent 85024A High Frequency Probe User’s and Service Guide, URL http://www.agilent.com
[10] National Instrument NI-488.2 Document, URL http://www.ni.com
[11] Sporton Internaional Inc., ETS-lindgren OTA laboratory.
[12] Training Research Co., Ltd, Antenna Noise Floor Measurement NF System.
[13] National Instrument NI-488.2 Document.
[14] Clayton R. Paul, Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility, Wiley, 1992
[15] Michel Mardiguian, EMI Troubleshooting Techniques, McGraw-Hill, 1999
[16] Mark I. Montrose, Testing for EMC Compliance: Approaches and Techniques, Wiley, 2004
[17] 3M EMI absorber, http://www.3m.com/oem
[18] 「手持式裝置之發展與行動應用服務展望」，資訊尖兵雜誌，第54期，August, 2003.
[19] 數位之牆，黃紹麟，January 30, 2005, URL http://www.digitalwall.com

校內：2029-09-08公開
校外：2029-09-08公開電子論文尚未授權公開，紙本請查館藏目錄

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