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研究生： 劉瑩
Liu, Ying
論文名稱： 文化遺產場域之數位化闡釋與展示：基於訪客體驗及管理視角的分析
Digital Interpretation and Presentation of Cultural Heritage Sites: Analysis of Visitor Experience and Management Perspectives
指導教授： 林蕙玟
Lin, Hui-Wen
學位類別： 博士
Doctor
系所名稱： 規劃與設計學院 - 創意產業設計研究所
Institute of Creative Industries Design
論文出版年： 2021
畢業學年度： 109
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 306
中文關鍵詞： 數位技術 、闡釋與展示 、文化遺產場域 、訪客體驗 、管理
外文關鍵詞： Digital technology, Interpretation and presentation, Cultural heritage sites, Visitor experience, Management
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    • 數位技術被越來越廣泛地應用於文化遺產的識別、保護、展示、交流等不同面向，逐步拓展了傳統文化遺產保護之內涵。而以虛擬顯示技術(VR)、擴增實境技術(AR)、混合實境技術(MR)和三維打印技術等為代表的“現實創造技術(reality creation technologies)”，也開始被引入到文化遺產場域的展示和闡釋系統中，使文化遺產展示的方式從過往趨於單一化的、靜態化的模式，向更加多元化、體驗化、互動化的模式轉變，並進一步促使文化遺產與公眾之間產生新的聯結。
    在台灣，文化科技相關政策之推行與實施已有較長的歷史。近年來，隨著《2016文化科技政策綱領》、《2018文化政策白皮書》、《2019文化科技實施計劃》等相關政策文件的發佈，強調了促進文化與科技創新融合的政策綱領，並為數位科技與文化遺產之融合創新發展提出了詳細的建議。同時，以「再造歷史現場計劃 (2016)」等為代表的系列文化科技項目，進一步明確指出了數位技術在文化遺產展示與闡釋中的重要作用，並為其在代表性文化遺產場域的實際應用提供了相應的政策及資金支持。
    在數位技術於文化遺產領域之應用日益廣泛的背景下，全面了解數位技術在文化遺產闡釋與展示中的作用和貢獻，進而規劃與制定能有效傳達遺產信息與價值之闡釋與展示策略，並為訪客在文化遺產場域之參訪提供積極且有價值的體驗，成為文化遺產相關機構的重要任務之一。然而，目前大多數數字遺產的研究仍然主要集中在特定项目中數位技術的具體應用以及數位典藏等方面；較少學者關注數位展示技術對訪客遺產體驗的影響與作用，以及規劃與管理數位展示與詮釋系統實踐中的挑戰與困難。
    因此，本研究從理論、訪客體驗及和管理三個面向切入，對文化遺產場域之數位化展示與闡釋應用進行研究探討，梳理總結現階段文化遺產場域之數位化展示與闡釋體系之發展概況，深入探索數位化展示與闡釋系統之規劃、應用和管理等面向的機會和挑戰，並進一步評估訪客對數位化展示與闡釋技術之體驗。本研究選取了台灣三處數位展示與闡釋技術應用之典型文化遺產場域（左營舊城、明德新村、柯旗化故居）為研究場域， 通過多元方法取向， 綜合運用質性研究方法（包括文獻調研、實地調研與深入訪談）與量化研究方法（半結構式之問卷調查），探究文化遺產場域之數位化闡釋與展示的應用現狀。研究結果將在理論和實踐層面上，為現階段文化遺產的數位化展示與闡釋體系的建設、實施和管理提供一定的借鑒及參考。

    Digital technologies are increasingly being used for heritage recognition, protection, presentation, and communication, becoming a powerful tool for breaking the limits of traditional approaches to heritage conservation. In particular, the application of “reality-creating technologies”, such as VR, AR, MR, and 3D printing, etc., in the interpretation and presentation of cultural heritage sites has made the formerly relatively homogeneous and static heritage presentation more diverse, experiential, and interactive, and offers the possibility of establishing new links between the public and cultural heritage.
    In Taiwan, the implementation of policies regarding cultural technology has a relatively long history. In recent years, the announcement of related documents, such as the “Policy Framework for Culture, Science and Technology” (2016), the “White Paper on Cultural Policy” (2018), and the “Cultural Technology Implementation Plan” (2019), further put forward suggestions regarding promoting the innovative integration of culture and technology and provided detailed proposals for the integration of digital technology and cultural heritage in particular. Moreover, the implementation of some specific cultural and technological projects, for instance, the “Regeneration of Historic Sites Project” (2016), explicitly emphasizes the significant role of digitalization in heritage interpretation and presentation and provides policy and financial support for its practical application in some cultural heritage sites.
    In the context of the increasingly widespread use of digitalization, it has become an important mission for cultural heritage institutions to develop a comprehensive understanding of the role and contribution of digitalization in heritage interpretation and presentation, to develop interpretations and presentations which can effectively transmit cultural heritage information and values, and to provide positive and valuable experiences for visitors. However, the majority of research regarding digital heritage is currently more focused on the specific application of digital technology in particular projects, digital documentation, and other-oriented content. Less attention has been paid to the impact and influence of digital technology on the visitor experience, and the challenges and difficulties in planning and managing digital interpretation and presentation systems in practice.
    Therefore, by conducting research on the digital interpretation and presentation of cultural heritage sites from theoretical, managerial, and visitor experience scopes, this research aims to gain an overview of the development of digitalization in heritage interpretation and presentation, to understand the opportunities and challenges in planning, application, and management of on-site digital interpretation and presentation systems, and to evaluate visitors’ expectations, acceptance, and experience of digital interpretation and presentation technologies. A multi-methodology approach, mixing qualitative methods (including literature review, site investigation, and in-depth interview) and quantitative method (self-administered questionnaire), was adopted and conducted at three venues (Old Zuoying City, Mingde New Village, and Ke Qi-Hua House), which are representative heritage sites for the application of digital interpretation and presentation technologies across Taiwan. The findings should shed light on the construction, implementation, and management of on-site digital heritage interpretation and presentation systems on both theoretical and practical levels.

    Abstract i 中文摘要 iii 致 謝 v Table of Contents vi List of Tables xi List of Figures xii Chapter One: Introduction 1 1.1. Research Background 1 1.1.1. Increasing attention to cultural heritage conservation 1 1.1.2. Interpretation and presentation as an essential part of a complete heritage conservation process 2 1.1.3. Heritage interpretation and presentation in the digital age 5 1.2. Research Objective 10 1.3. Research Questions 11 1.4. Research Flow 13 Chapter Two: Literature Review 15 2.1. Cultural Heritage Site 15 2.1.1. Definition and categorizes of cultural heritage and cultural heritage site 15 2.1.1.1. Cultural heritage on global level 15 2.1.1.2. Evolution of concepts related to cultural heritage in Taiwan 16 2.1.1.3. Definition of cultural heritage site 21 2.1.2. Conservation and management of cultural heritage site 23 2.2. Interpretation and Presentation of Cultural Heritage 27 2.2.1. Development of cultural display 27 2.2.2. Definition of interpretation and presentation 29 2.2.3. Heritage interpretation and presentation: connotations, objectives and principles 33 2.3. Digitalization on Culture Heritage 40 2.3.1. Digitalization and Digital Heritage 40 2.3.2. The development of digitization on cultural heritage 45 2.3.3. Digitalization in interpretation and presentation at cultural heritage sites 56 2.4. Visitor Heritage Experience 68 2.4.1. Visitor experience in cultural heritage sites context 69 2.4.2. Evaluation of visitor digital heritage experience 73 2.5. Defining the Gap 74 Chapter Three: Methodology 76 3.1. Research Structure 76 3.2. Research Sites 78 3.3. Research Design 83 3.3.1. Visitor experience scope 83 3.3.2. Management scope 87 Chapter Four: Findings and Discussions 91 4.1. Digital Interpretation and Presentation Practices of Three Research Sites 91 4.1.1. Data collection 91 4.1.2. Findings and discussions 91 4.1.2.1. Digital practices of Old Zuoying City: reproduction of the vanished historic elements 91 4.1.2.1.a. Status and context of the site 92 4.1.2.1.b. On-site digital interpretation and presentation 96 4.1.2.2. Digital practices of Mingde New Village: enriching the in-situ physical display 110 4.1.2.2.a. Status and context of the site 110 4.1.2.2.b. On-site digital interpretation and presentation 117 4.1.2.3. Digital practices of Ke Qi-Hua House: constructing a deep experience of history 121 4.1.2.3.a. Status and context of the site 121 4.1.2.3.b. On-site digital interpretation and presentation 127 4.2. Visitor Experience Scope 132 4.2.1. Data collection 133 4.2.2. Quantitative data: findings and discussions 134 4.2.2.1. Details of questionnaire respondents 134 4.2.2.2. Pre-visit expectations and prior knowledge of the site and digital technologies 136 4.2.2.3. Experience of digital interpretation and presentation during the visit 136 4.2.2.3.a. Visceral-level experience 137 4.2.2.3.b. Behavioural-level experience 138 4.2.2.3.c. Reflective-level experience 140 4.2.2.4. Post-visit experience 141 4.2.3. Qualitative Data: findings and discussions 141 4.2.3.1. Details of interview respondents 141 4.2.3.2. Experience of digital historical presentation 142 4.2.3.3. Innovative ways to experience history: historical participation and immersion 144 4.2.3.4. Equipment-related experience 147 4.2.3.5. On-site service related experience 149 4.3. Management Scope 149 4.3.1. Data collection 150 4.3.2. Findings and discussions 150 4.3.2.1. Reasons for introducing digital interpretation and presentation 151 4.3.2.1. a. Policy-driven 151 4.3.2.1. b. Complement existing display formats and expand the display experience 153 4.3.2.2. Difficulties, challenges and issues to consider in managing digital interpretation and presentation 153 4.3.2.2. a. Planning and implementation phase 153 4.3.2.2. b. Operation and monitoring phase 158 4.3.2.3. Role and contribution of digital interpretation and presentation 165 4.3.2.3. a. For visitors: effects and concerns 165 4.3.2.3. b. For heritage sites 166 Chapter Five: Conclusion 168 5.1. Characteristic of on-site Digital Interpretation and Presentation 169 5.2. Visitor Experience of on-site Digital Interpretation and Presentation 178 5.3. Management of on-site Digital Interpretation and Presentation 183 5.4. Cultural Heritage Interpretation and Presentation in the Digital Age: Summary and Reflection 190 5.4.1. Cultural heritage as the main subject 190 5.4.2. Implications for the construction and planning of digital interpretation and presentation 192 5.4.2.1. Authenticity and innovativeness: creative interpretation on the basis of knowledge transmission 192 5.4.2.2. Adaptability between technology and heritage: realizing the effective integration of the advantages of digital technology and the characteristics of different cultural heritage 193 5.4.2.3. Experiential and participatory: using digital technology to increase public interaction and participation 194 5.4.2.4. Systematic organization: strengthen the effective coordination of digital interpretation and presentation with other display methods 196 5.4.3. Formation of new values 197 5.5. Limitation of the Current Research 197 5.6. Future Research Directions 198 References 200 Appendix A: The second section (on-site visitation) of visitor experience questionnaire 218 Appendix B: Interview Responses: Visitor Scope 220 Appendix C: Interview Responses: Management Scope 289

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