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研究生： 馬立偉
Mar, Lee Wei
論文名稱： 用以制定軟體重構程序之領域特定語言的設計與實現
A Domain-Specific Language for Refactoring Process Execution: Design and Implementation
指導教授： 焦惠津
Jiau, Hewijin Christine
學位類別： 博士
Doctor
系所名稱： 電機資訊學院 - 電腦與通信工程研究所
Institute of Computer & Communication Engineering
論文出版年： 2013
畢業學年度： 101
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 207
中文關鍵詞： 軟體演進 、重構程序 、重構執行最佳化 、領域特定語言
外文關鍵詞： Software evolution, refactoring process, optimal refactoring execution, domain-specific language
相關次數： 點閱：101  下載：5 
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    • 軟體系統在其生命週期中，為滿足新的系統需求或是適應所處環境的變化，而須持續演進。然而，考量到開發者規劃系統演進之時間與資源有限，演進中的軟體系統，往往隨時間之增長而逐漸背離原先之設計考量，而使系統日益複雜，漸難維護。為了妥善處理此一系統演進複雜化難題，開發者在物件導向軟體開發過程中，廣泛使用軟體重構(software refactoring) ，以期在不破壞系統功能性的前提下，逐步調整並改善演進中軟體系統之設計。

    軟體重構雖已具備一般化的程序模型(refactoring process model)，用以引導開發者完成重構，但實務上，具體的重構執行程序(refactoring process) 仍因不同的專案特性、開發程序、或重構目標而有所差異。肇因於這些差異，各開發團隊常需量身打造專屬的重構執行程序(dedicated refactoring process)，以應對特定專案演進時所遭遇之挑戰。然而，在當前開發環境中，開發團隊因缺乏實際的工具或是語言支持，並無法精準的制定專屬重構執行程序。此一重構程序的制定難題，正是當前軟體專案難以有效執行重構並將之標準化(standardization) 之主因。

    本論文之研究主旨，即在於建立一組領域特定語言(domain-specific language, DSL)，以使軟體開發團隊能夠精確制定並有效執行專屬重構執行程序。為達此一目的，本論文之研究始於重構程序模型的實地觀察和分析。在觀察與分析的過程中，本論文提出了兩組協助開發者進行重構的方法論：Mavis 和Obey。其中，Mavis 透過軟體視覺化呈現，協助開發者檢視當前軟體設計中的潛在設計結構缺陷，並提呈相對應的重構計畫；Obey 則讓開發者能預覽重構計畫對軟體設計改善之果效，並確保重構計畫執行之最佳化。本研究將Mavis 和Obey 直接使用於數個實際的開放原始碼專案進行評量，而評量的結果皆為兩組方法論的有效性提供了有力的佐證。

    基於開發Mavis 和Obey 所獲得之領域知識，本研究定義了一組能夠制定專屬重構執行程序的領域特定語言。開發者能透過此一領域特定語言，表達重構執行程序中的各項具體動作，亦能串接這些動作以制定整體重構執行程序。本研究針對此一領域特定語言開發了相對應的執行環境：RefactoringCommando。此一執行環境已與Eclipse 軟體開發環境直接整合，開發者能直接在Eclipse 軟體開發環境中，使用RefactoringCommando 為Java 專案制定與執行專屬重構執行程序。本研究採用案例研究(case study) 實際評估此一領域特定語言，而評估結果表明，在數個典型的重構執行程序案例中，使用本研究所定義之領域特定語言，皆能精確且簡明的制定該重構執行程序，並可透過RefactoringCommando 有效執行之。

    Successful software systems must evolve continuously for incorporating new requirements and for adapting environmental changes during their development life cycles. As evolutionary changes are incrementally introduced into a software system, the evolving software design becomes more complex and drifts away from the original software design. In this context, software refactoring is a widely adopted practice for systematically adjust the design structure of a software system while preserving its observable behaviors. In principle, the application of refactoring follows a general refactoring process model. However, the actual execution process of applying refactoring varies due to the fact that refactoring is carried out with different objectives in different project settings. This variety leads to the derivation of various dedicated refactoring processes from the general refactoring process model for fitting the specific evolution context of the particular software projects. To ensure the systematic execution and effective outcomes of a dedicated refactoring process, specifying the standard procedure for the refactoring process execution becomes vital for software development teams. However, limited support is provided for developers to precisely specify the standard procedure of a dedicated refactoring process.

    This thesis aims at establishing a basis for the specification of dedicated refactoring processes. To this end, we start the thesis work from the identification of the major difficulties that developers faced at different stages of the refactoring process model. Two different refactoring methodologies for resolving these difficulties, Mavis and Obey, are proposed accordingly. Mavis assists developers in inspecting potential problematic design structure and in proposing refactoring plans, whereas Obey allows for the effect assessment of the proposed plans and ensures the optimal execution of these plans. We have conducted empirical studies on practical open source software (OSS) projects to confirm the effectiveness of Mavis and Obey. Based on the insights gained from the development of Mavis and Obey, we define a domain-specific language (DSL) for addressing the developers’ specification needs at different stages of the refactoring process model. The DSL allows developers to specify a dedicated refactoring process by defining individual refactoring actions in a process as well as the overall execution procedure of these actions. A runtime environment for our defined DSL, RefactoringCommando, is developed in the Eclipse IDE for executing the specified refactoring processes in Java projects. We have conducted several case studies that apply RefactoringCommando to typical refactoring practices. The case study results confirm the effectiveness of the DSL, suggesting that the DSL provides the proper abstraction for precisely specifying the execution of the refactoring process in a concise manner.

    Abstract (Chinese) i Abstract (English) iii Acknowledgments v 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Software Refactoring Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 Specifying Dedicated Refactoring Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.3 Thesis Statement and Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.3.1 The Development of Mavis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.3.2 The Development of Obey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.3.3 The Development of RefactoringCommando . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.4 Plan of Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2 Metric-based Refactoring Opportunity Visualization 13 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.1.1 Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.1.2 Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.1.3 Solution Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.2 Empirical Investigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.2.1 Investigation Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.2.2 Investigation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.2.3 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.3 Visualizing Refactoring Oppotunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.3.1 Metric Abstractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.3.2 Visualizing Metric Abstractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2.3.3 Guidance for Resolving Feature Envy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.4 Tool Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.4.1 Tool Usage Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.4.2 Facilitating Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2.5 Case Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.5.1 Study Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.5.2 Study Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.6 Related Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.6.1 Refactoring Opportunity Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.6.2 Cohesion-based Refactoring Plan Proposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 2.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 3 Optimal Refactoring Plan Execution 45 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.1.1 Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.1.2 Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3.1.3 Solution Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.2 Related Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3.2.1 Refactoring for Responsibility Redistribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 3.2.2 Identifying Con icts of Aggregated Refactorings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 3.2.3 Composite Refactoring Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 3.2.4 Metrics-based Bad Smell Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 3.3 Optimization Issue of Batched Refactoring Plan Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 3.4 Optimal Execution of Batched Refactoring Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 3.4.1 Micro Change Decomposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 3.4.2 Refactoring Plan Analysis and Renovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 3.5 Obey Tool Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 3.6 Empirical Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 3.6.1 Study Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 3.6.2 Study Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 3.6.3 Threats to Validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 3.7 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 3.8 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 4 A Domain-Specific Language for Refactoring Process Execution 93 4.1 Developers' Needs in Refactoring Process Speci cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 4.2 Language Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 4.2.1 Basic Language Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 4.2.2 Core Data Structures and Functional-based Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 4.2.3 Program Analysis Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 4.2.4 Graph-based Visualization Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 4.2.5 Transforming Program Relations to a Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 4.2.6 Refactoring Planning and Execution Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 4.3 Integrating to the Development Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 4.4 Case Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 4.4.1 Case Study 1: Re-implementing Mavis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 4.4.2 Case Study 2: Re-implementing NosePrints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 4.4.3 Case Study 3: Specifying a Feature Envy Removal Refactoring Process . . . . . . . 136 4.4.4 Case Study 4: Software Development Activity Beyond Refactoring . . . . . . . . . 141 4.5 Related Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 4.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 5 Conclusions and Future Work 151 5.1 Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 5.2 Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Appendices 159 A Move Field Refactoring Decomposition 159 B The DSL Program for Re-implementing Mavis Visualization 163 C DSL Programs for Re-implementing NosePrints Visualizations 167 D DSL Programs for Re-implementing Polymetric Views 179 References 191 Vita 207

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