自駕車帶來的人車互動模式改變使得在未來行人穿越道路時很可能沒辦法與人類駕駛溝通。因此許多自駕車外部人機介面研究興起，試圖取代傳統的人類與駕駛互動。過往文獻中卻較少探討對於行人信任與實際穿越道路指標的影響。
本研究透過實驗性研究，試圖了解不同的自駕車外部人機介面與不同的駕駛行為是否會影響行人的信任程度與穿越道路行為。透過虛擬實境建置城市內道路場景，使受試者在穿越道路時與自駕車互動。此外，在實驗中會出現8次的自駕車失效事件，目的為觀察是否有過度信任現象。結果顯示，手勢設計的外部人機介面在主觀評分上有最好的表現，並且有最短的等待時間，勝過LED設計與無安裝介面。並且，介面所表達的訊息會受與駕駛行為的交互作用影響，反映在主觀評分以及穿越道路任務指標上。例如同一種介面設計下，不同的駕駛行為下理解程度會有顯著差異、不同駕駛行為與外部人機介面的組合會有不同的等待時間。失效事件並不會在短期影響信任，反而是風險隨著時間下降了。本研究結果可供當今車廠進行參考，例如制定自駕車偵測到行人後的減速度參數以提高信任、參考本研究介面表達方式，將其運用在實際的車輛上。研究結果也可做為法規依據的參考，像是開放自駕車加裝燈飾以及開放青色作為燈色選擇。

The shift to autonomous vehicles introduces new challenges in pedestrian-vehicle interactions. This study delves into how various external human-machine interfaces and driving behaviors influence pedestrian trust and road-crossing behaviors, using a virtual reality environment for realistic interactions. Results indicate that gesture-based interfaces excel in subjective ratings and reducing waiting times, outperforming LED designs and interfaces absent. The study also reveals that the interface's communicated messages and the driving behaviors intricately affect both the perceived understanding and the actual road-crossing behavior. Interestingly, despite several induced autonomous vehicle malfunctions, trust levels were not immediately impacted, hinting at a diminishing perceived risk over time. These insights are crucial for automotive manufacturers in fine-tuning pedestrian trust factors, such as vehicle deceleration parameters. Moreover, the findings offer substantial guidance for shaping future regulations on autonomous vehicle features, including the allowance of specific exterior light decorations and color choices.

中文文獻
市區道路及附屬工程設計標準 ( 2022年 08 月 11 日 )
道路交通管理處罰條例 ( 2022年 05 月 04 日 )
鄭舜文, 2022. 行人使用智慧型手機對多序列路況反應能力與腦部活化的影響. 國立成功大學
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