水庫扮演的角色除供水外，無可避免的尚肩負調節洪水的功能；若欲進一步減低放水洪峰，便須透過水庫防洪運轉以減輕水庫下游低漥地區之淹水潛勢，減少水患損失。故為維護水庫安全，重要工作之一即為穩定可靠的防洪運轉操作。
本文研討台灣地區主要的五座水庫：曾文水庫、翡翠水庫、石門水庫、德基水庫、牡丹水庫的防洪運轉作業，包括一般性的運轉原則及特定作業規定，並針對洪水守視作業、防洪運轉啟動判斷、放水警報、實施洩洪作業、運轉作業結束等五項防洪運轉的重要作業事項，加予檢討並比較其優劣點。
研究中先敘述各水庫的整體防洪運轉作業程序，再從中比較不同的作業規定，最後檢討歸納合理的完整規定。其目的為預先得知與水庫、河川、集水區相關的降雨量、流量、水位資訊，及其潛在發展趨勢，使防洪運轉預先得到較大的操作空間與時間，再以比較五座水庫的作業規定，建議合理可行的有利規定，改善各水庫原有的防洪運轉程序與水庫運用要點，使能更周全妥善的完成水庫防洪運轉的各項作業。
實例研究以曾文水庫之防洪運轉為例，曾文水庫於民國六十二年完成後開始營運，其主要依據「曾文水庫運用要點」及現行防洪運轉作業程序進行防洪運轉。為求其防洪運轉作業更為周延，經以前述五大水庫之防洪運轉作業做出之檢討，對其中適合運用於曾文水庫之部份提出改善建議。其下游集水區之水情資訊亦應予以監控，其中曾文水庫放水應錯開南化水庫之放水尖峰、與烏山頭水庫在洪水來臨前之蓄水互相調配作業等資訊，宜連線至曾文水庫管理中心，以利研判綜合水情，調整出災害損失最少之運轉策略，以期曾文水庫之防洪運轉作業事項更為週全。

Beside the function of storage and water supply, a reservoir bears another important responsibility as to the control of flood. By regulating the storage of a reservoir, the flood peak can be decreased by manual operation to assure the safe release. This will alleviate the potential inundation area of downstream and free of flood damage. For maintaining the safety of a reservoir, the proper and safe flood control operation is required.
This thesis compared important items that governing the flood control operations for Tsengwen, Feitsui, Shimen, Der-Ji and Mudan Reservoirs. These items include the general operation rule and special rules, the forecast of flood flow, the decision making of flood control operation, the alarm alert prior to releasing water, the spillage control and the termination condition of operation. Various merits and disadvantages were well compared and discussed to afford better operation rules. On of the goals of this study is to obtain more space and time for flood control operation. Comparing the original flood operation rules and control procedures of the above five reservoirs, improvements to the operation were provided to make the flood control more perfect.
The flood control operation of the Tsengwen Reservoir was taken as a case study. More general and completed flood control operation rules and procedures were suggested based on the improvements in the operation of the above five reservoirs. Several improvements must be carried out to make the flood control operation of Tsengwen Reservoir more perfect and reduce the damage downstream. All water information of the Tsengwen River basin must be transfered to the operation office of Tsengwen Reservoir. The Tsengwen and Wushantou reservoirs should jointly regulate the total storage between the two reservoirs before the flood coming. The flood peaks released from Tsengwen and Nanhwa Reservoir must be separated to reduce the total flood downstream.

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