本論文主要以開發Ⅱ-Ⅵ族半導體之新型硫化物螢光材料並研究其特性為重點。以斜方晶結構之Ba2ZnS3為基質(host)選擇，分別將過渡金屬Mn2+離子、稀土金屬Ce3+、Pr3+離子及Ce3+, Ag+離子摻雜於基質(Ba2ZnS3)中，作為發光中心(activator)，並採用不同製程參數製作螢光粉體，針對其光致發光特性進行研究。
由實驗結果顯示，利用固態反應法(雙坩堝製程)製備的Ba2ZnS3:Mn+(其中Mn+為Mn2+、Ce3+、Pr3+及Ce3+, Ag+)螢光粉體，在900~1050℃煆燒，可得穩定之Ba2ZnS3單一相；並由Ba2ZnS3化合物之吸收光譜，可獲得光學能隙(energy gap) Eg≒3.18 ± 0.02 eV。Ba2ZnS3：Mn2+螢光粉體在358 nm紫外光源激發下，可有效率發出橘紅光(波峰611 nm)，屬於Mn2+離子的4T1(4G)→6A1(6S)電子躍遷，以950℃煆燒16小時的Ba2ZnS3:Mn2+(0.5 mol%)粉體具有最佳的發光強度，色度座標(CIE) x= 0.632, y= 0.368。
Ba2ZnS3添加稀土金屬離子部分，光致發光機制有兩種方式：(一)間接激發發光，先由Ba2ZnS3 (Host)吸收能量再將能量轉移給稀土金屬離子(activator)而發光；(二)直接激發發光，激發光的能量直接由稀土金屬離子吸收並發光。Ba2ZnS3:Ce3+螢光粉體，在約360 nm紫外光源激發下，可有效率發出黃綠光(波峰≒ 535 nm)，屬於Ce3+離子的2D(5d)→7F5/2(4f), 7F7/2(4f)電子躍遷，以1000℃煆燒2小時的Ba2ZnS3:Ce3+(0.3 mol%)粉體具有最佳的發光強度，色度座標約為x= 0.289, y= 0.569；在420 nm紫藍光源激發下，可有效率發出綠光(波峰= 497-506 nm)，亦屬於Ce3+離子的2D(5d)→7F5/2(4f), 7F7/2(4f)電子躍遷，隨Ce3+離子添加濃度增加，波峰有紅移(red-shift)現象，同樣以1000℃煆燒2小時的Ba2ZnS3:Ce3+(0.3 mol%)粉體則具有最佳的發光強度，色度座標x= 0.202, y= 0.481。
Ba2ZnS3:Ce3+同時添加Ag+離子之螢光粉體，在約357或350 nm紫外光源激發下，隨添加Ce3+及Ag+離子濃度的變化，可調變出藍綠、綠和黃綠光(波峰= 495-536 nm)，為Ce3+離子的2D(5d)→7F5/2(4f), 7F7/2(4f)電子躍遷，並隨Ag+離子添加濃度增加，波峰有藍移(blue-shift)現象，發光強度亦受Ag+離子的添加所影響，而以1000℃煆燒2小時的Ba2ZnS3:Ce3+(0.2 mol%), Ag(0.1 mol%)粉體，具有最佳的發光強度，色度座標(CIE) x= 0.241, y= 0.547；於420 nm紫藍光源激發下，可有效率發出綠光(波峰= 493-506 nm)，同屬於Ce3+離子的2D(5d)→7F5/2(4f), 7F7/2(4f)電子躍遷，其發光性質與無添加Ag+離子之Ba2ZnS3:Ce3+螢光粉體無太大差異，隨Ce3+離子添加濃度增加，波峰亦有紅移(red-shift)現象，並以1000℃煆燒2小時的Ba2ZnS3:Ce3+(0.2 mol%),Ag(0.1 mol%)粉體，具有最佳的發光強度，色度座標(CIE) x= 0.195, y= 0.471。
Ba2ZnS3:Pr3+螢光粉體，在約360-370 nm紫外光源激發下，其放射光譜由Pr3+離子的3P0→3H4,3H5,3H6和1D2→3H4電子躍遷構成，分佈於470-520 nm、530-570 nm和585-665 nm範圍中，隨Pr3+離子添加濃度增加，1D2→3H4相較於3P0→3H4,3H5,3H6電子躍遷更易於受濃度影響有發光淬滅(quench)現象，當Pr3+離子濃度達0.4 mol%時，1D2→3H4放射峰有相對較大的強度，當Pr3+離子濃度大於4 mol%時，1D2→3H4放射峰幾乎完全消失，故藉由變化Pr3+離子濃度可調變發光顏色為白光或綠光，並以1000℃煆燒2小時的Ba2ZnS3:Pr3+(0.2 mol%)粉體則具有最佳的發光強度，色度座標(CIE) x= 0.368, y= 0.413；在456 nm藍色光源激發下，可有效率發出綠光，幾乎全來自Pr3+離子的3P0→3H4電子躍遷，以1000℃煆燒2小時的Ba2ZnS3:Pr3+(2.0 mol%)粉體具有最佳的發光強度，色度座標(CIE) x= 0.118, y= 0.474。
本研究中所製備以Ba2ZnS3為基質之不同種類螢光粉體，可藉由添加不同種類之發光中心(activator)及其濃度的調變，達到發光顏色的變化，可應用於新世代顯示器之發光材料。

This study is to search new sulfide based phosphors of Ⅱ-Ⅵ semiconductors. The semiconductor compound, Ba2ZnS3, was selected as the host material and the transition metal ion Mn2+ and the rare earth ions Ce3+, Pr3+ were introduced as activators. The synthesis and photoluminescent properties of Ba2ZnS3:M (M= Mn2+; Ce3+; Ce3+,Ag+ and Pr3+) phosphors have been investigated.
These four kinds of phosphors were all prepared via the conventional solid-state reaction using the double-crucible method. While the calcining temperature was above 900℃, pure single phase Ba2ZnS3:M phosphors were successfully synthesized. The optical bandgap of Ba2ZnS3 is at about 3.18±0.02 eV as shown in the absorption spectra. The most efficient emission of Ba2ZnS3:Mn2+ phosphors occurred at the excitation wavelength of λex= 358 nm, and the reddish-orange emission light with peak wavelength of λem= 611 nm was obtained. The photoluminescence originates from the transition 4T1(4G)→6A1(6S) of Mn2+ ions. The Ba2ZnS3 doped with 0.5 mol% Mn2+ ions had the highest luminescent intensity and best crystalline as calcined at 950℃ for 16 h. The CIE color coordinate is x= 0.632, y= 0.368 and the decay time is about 0.33 ms.
The phosphors Ba2ZnS3 doped with rare earth ions show photoluminescence in two ways: (1) under intrinsic excitation, the energy absorbed by host is transferred to the activator; (2) under direct excitation of activator, the excited energy was absorbed by the activator. Under intrinsic excitation (λex≈ 360 nm), the most efficient yellowish green luminescence of Ba2ZnS3:Ce3+ was emitted at the doping concentration 0.3 mol%. The maximum intensity of the luminescent peak was found at 535 nm and the CIE color coordinate x= 0.289, y= 0.569. Under direct excitation of activator, the emission peaks shift between 497 and 506 nm with increasing Ce3+ doping concentration. The Ba2ZnS3:(0.3 mol%)Ce3+ phosphors had the highest emission intensity and the emission peak was at 499 nm with a CIE color coordinate x= 0.202, y= 0.481. The photoluminescence all originates from the transition 2D(5d)→7F5/2(4f), 7F7/2(4f) of Ce3+ ions.
Under intrinsic excitation, the Ba2ZnS3:Ce3+ codoped with Ag+ ion phosphors could vary the color of emission light from bluish green, green to yellowish green by changing the doping concentration of Ce3+ and Ag+ ions. The sample doped with 0.2 mol% Ce3+ and 0.1 mol% Ag+ ions had a maximum PL intensity and yellowish green light emission at 516 nm with a CIE color coordinate of x= 0.241, y= 0.547. Under direct excitation of activator, the luminescent properties of the Ba2ZnS3:Ce3+,Ag+ phosphors are similar with the Ba2ZnS3:Ce3+ phosphors. The photoluminescence also originates from the 2D(5d)→ 7F5/2(4f), 7F7/2(4f) transition of Ce3+ ions.
Pr3+-doped Ba2ZnS3 phosphors exhibited emission by intrinsic excitation (a UV light with λex≈ 360-370 nm) and direct transition of activator. Under intrinsic excitation, the sample doped with 0.2 mol% Pr3+ ions emits light with a maximal intensity at 493 nm, and emits white light with a CIE color coordinate of x = 0.368, y = 0.413. Under direct transition of activator, most of the emission is in the range of 475-520 nm (3P0→3H4 transition). The sample doped with 2 mol% Pr3+ ions also had maximum emission intensity at 493 nm. Emission in the range 584-620 nm (1D2→3H4 transition) disappeared, and the CIE color coordinates were all in the green region.
All synthesized phosphor powders in this study could emit different color of light by doping different kinds of activator and varying doping concentrations. And these phosphors have potential to be the luminescent materials applied to new applications.

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