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研究生： 黃令婷
Huang, Ling-Ting
論文名稱： 探討橋墩保護工加劇沖刷之可能性
Potential of Adverse Effects of Pier Protection on Scouring
指導教授： 郭振銘
Kuo, Chen-Ming
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 土木工程學系
Department of Civil Engineering
論文出版年： 2010
畢業學年度： 98
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 69
中文關鍵詞： 局部沖刷 、保護套 、通水斷面
外文關鍵詞： local scour, protection collar, cross section through the water
相關次數： 點閱：56  下載：5 
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    • 橋梁使河道通水斷面減小，容易引發橋基沖刷裸露。八八水災過後，現地勘查損毀的橋樑發現部分施做保護工的橋墩反而出現底座掏空傾倒。本研究延續前期開發錐形保護套的小型水工模型，以實驗室沖刷試驗探討不同通水斷面對加劇橋墩沖刷的影響程度，嘗試釐清加裝保護套是否會引發副作用。
    實驗數據顯示，加設錐形保護套的橋墩周圍沖刷程度確實獲得減緩的效果。雖然通水斷面受到稍微限縮，但不至於淘刷墩基河床。即使進一步限縮河道使流速增加，仍顯示保護套能有效抑制向下射流與馬蹄形渦流之沖刷，進而降低沖刷深度。但是當墩基裸露，基礎埋置深度不足時，有保護套的橋墩發生傾倒時間明顯早於沒有施做保護套的橋墩。

    Bridge to reduce the river cross section through the water, easy caused pier scour exposedness. Therefore the experimental used cone protection collar and small-scale experimental hydraulic models, then investigate the different to cross section through the water to aggravate piers scour of the effects extent.
    The experimental results of this thesis demonstrates, the protection collar of efficacy can explain that it can completely resist the down flow and the horseshoe vortex and reduce scour depth and will not effect reduced cross section through the river. But pier exposed circumstances and pier base depth insufficient caused have protection collar the bridges advance of damage.

    目錄 摘要 ......................................................................................................................................... i Abstract .................................................................................................................................. ii 誌謝 ....................................................................................................................................... iii 表目錄 ................................................................................................................................. viii 圖目錄 ................................................................................................................................... ix 符號 ....................................................................................................................................... xi 第一章 緒論 .......................................................................................................................... 1 1-1 研究動機與目的 ..................................................................................................... 1 1-1-1 研究動機 ........................................................................................................ 1 1-1-2 研究目的 ........................................................................................................ 2 1-2 研究方法 ................................................................................................................. 3 1-3 文獻回顧 ................................................................................................................. 3 1-4 論文架構 ................................................................................................................. 5 第二章 橋墩沖刷理論 .......................................................................................................... 6 2-1 橋墩局部沖刷 ........................................................................................................... 6 2-1-1 均勻橋墩 ....................................................................................................... 6 2-1-2 非均勻橋墩 ................................................................................................... 6 2-2 橋墩周圍水流之流況............................................................................................... 7 2-3 橋墩局部沖刷原理 ................................................................................................... 9 2-3-1 沖刷型態 ....................................................................................................... 9 2-3-2 沖刷過程 ..................................................................................................... 10 2-3-3 沖刷因子 ..................................................................................................... 11 2-3-4 沖刷機制 ..................................................................................................... 13 第三章 橋墩保護工法 ........................................................................................................ 17 3-1 保護工設計原則 ..................................................................................................... 17 3-2 目前常見保護工法 ................................................................................................. 18 3-2-1 國內常見保護工法 ...................................................................................... 18 3-2-2 國外常見保護工法 ...................................................................................... 23 3-3 錐形保護套 ............................................................................................................. 27 第四章 試驗設備及步驟 .................................................................................................... 28 4-1 試驗設備 ................................................................................................................. 28 4-2 試驗規劃 ................................................................................................................. 32 4-2-1 試驗條件 ..................................................................................................... 34 4-2-2 保護套尺寸 ................................................................................................. 35 4-3 試驗步驟 ................................................................................................................. 36 第五章 試驗結果與討論 .................................................................................................... 39 5-1 橋墩落墩於底床之沖刷深度比較 ........................................................................ 41 5-2 橋墩未落墩於底床之沖刷深度比較 .................................................................... 43 5-3 減少通水斷面之沖刷深度比較 ............................................................................ 45 5-3-1 河道斷面縮減百分之二十五 ..................................................................... 45 5-3-2 河道斷面縮減百分之五十 ......................................................................... 47 5-4 橋墩裸露嚴重之情況探討..................................................................................... 49 5-5 橋墩基礎位置與通水斷面對沖刷程度之影響 .................................................... 50 第六章 結論與建議 ............................................................................................................ 54 6-1 結論 ......................................................................................................................... 54 6-2 建議 ......................................................................................................................... 54 參考文獻 ............................................................................................................................... 55 附錄 ....................................................................................................................................... 58 附錄一：各項試驗照片 ................................................................................................ 58 附錄二：各項試驗結果之等高線 ................................................................................ 65 簡歷 ....................................................................................................................................... 69

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