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研究生：	詹承偉 Chan, Cheng-wei
論文名稱：	Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi無鉛銲錫合金拉伸及振動破壞特性之研究 The Tension and Vibration Fracture Characteristics of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi Lead-Free Solders
指導教授：	呂傳盛 Lui, Truan-Sheng 陳立輝 Chen, Li-Hui
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 材料科學及工程學系 Department of Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年：	2007
畢業學年度：	95
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	64
中文關鍵詞：	振動、無鉛銲錫
外文關鍵詞：	Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu
相關次數：	點閱：67 下載：1
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銲錫材料使用時可能會受外力影響而產生破壞，因此銲錫材料的機械性質有其探討的必要性。本實驗主要探討不同Ni添加量對Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi銲錫材料之拉伸以及振動破壞特性之影響。
Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu之微觀組織為初晶Sn相與Sn-Ag-Cu共晶區。添加Ni之後的微觀組織，則會另出現(Cu,Ni)xSny金屬間化合物。經由EPMA分析Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-0.3Ni之元素分布情形，發現Ag原子及Cu原子存在於共晶區；Ni原子會與Cu原子及Sn原子形成(Cu,Ni)xSny金屬間化合物。透過EPMA之EDS分析，長條狀金屬間化合物之化學式為(Cu,Ni)3Sn4，顆粒狀金屬間化合物之化學組成為(Cu,Ni)6Sn5。
於相同初始拉伸應變速率之結果顯示，Ni添加量增加會使得UTS及YS下降，TE皆能達到40%的應變量，而UE約7~10%的應變量。於不同初始拉伸應變速率之結果顯示，UTS及YS會隨著應變速率增加而上升，且添加Ni之銲錫合金會有較大的應變速率敏感度。
由等出力值1.8G之振動試驗中，可知各組材料之制振性，其中以Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-0.1Ni有較佳的制振性。各組材料之共振壽命由高至低依序為：Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-0.1Ni > Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-0.02Ni ≒ Sn-3.0Ag-
0.5Cu。於相同初始偏移量之共振壽命，可知各組材料之裂縫傳播阻抗能力的優劣，依序為：Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-0.1Ni ≒ Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu > Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-0.02Ni，且振動破壞裂縫沿著初晶Sn相的層狀變形傳播，因此振動變形機制由初晶Sn相的層狀變形所主導。

The solder may be damaged by external force. So it is worthwhile to know the mechanical properties of the solder during alloy design. The aim of this study is to explore the tensile and vibration properties of the solder with changing of Ni adding to Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu.
The microstructure of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder alloy is composed of the primary phase β-Sn and the eutectic phase of Sn-Ag-Cu. We could observe (Cu,Ni)xSny intermetallic compouds in the microstructure of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi with Ni addition. From the analyzing of EPMA, we can analyze Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-0.3Ni to know how every element(s) distribute in the matrix. After analyzing, we could find that Ag and Cu exist in the eutectic area, and Ni would form the (Cu,Ni)xSny intermetallic compounds with Cu and Sn elements. From the analyzing of EDS, one of the intermetallic compound’s chemical composition was (Cu,Ni)3Sn4, and the other was (Cu,Ni)6Sn5.
The results from the tensile tests performed under the condition of constant strain rate showed that the more addition of Ni, the lower UTS and YS would be. The TE reaches about 40%, and UE is about 7~10%. The results from the other ones performed under different strain rate show that the UTS and YS would increase when rising strain rate of the tensile tests, and the specimens which Ni addition to had larger strain rate sensitivity.
The results of the vibration tests performed under the condition of constant force indicated that the damping capacity of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-0.1Ni was the best, and the vibration life of specimens in descending order was: Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-0.1Ni > Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-0.02Ni ≒ Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu. From the vibration tests performed under the condition of constant deflection, we could know the vibration resistance of the solder alloy. According to the results, the resistance of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-0.1Ni and Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu was better than that of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-0.02Ni, and the vibration crack propagates along the layer-like deformation of primary β-Sn. Therefore, in the Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi alloys, the vibration deformation mechanism is dominated by the layer-like deformation.

中文摘要.........................................................................................................Ⅰ
英文摘要.........................................................................................................Ⅱ
致謝.................................................................................................................Ⅳ
總目錄.............................................................................................................Ⅴ
表目錄.............................................................................................................Ⅶ
圖目錄.............................................................................................................Ⅷ

第一章	前言.....................................................................................................1
第二章	文獻回顧.............................................................................................2
2-1	軟銲技術與無鉛銲錫的發展......................................................2
2-2	Sn-Ag-Cu銲錫合金的性質..........................................................2
2-3	振動性質......................................................................................3
2-3-1	共振頻率.............................................................................3
2-3-2	阻尼與制振性.....................................................................4
2-3-3	D-N曲線與共振壽命.........................................................5
2-3-4	振動破壞性質.....................................................................6
第三章	實驗方法...........................................................................................11
3-1	研究架構....................................................................................11
3-2	合金配製、澆鑄..........................................................................11
3-3	金相觀察及解析........................................................................11
3-4	拉伸破斷試驗............................................................................11
3-4-1	試片製備...........................................................................11
3-4-2	相同應變速率之拉伸破斷試驗.......................................12
3-4-3	不同應變速率之拉伸破斷試驗.......................................12
3-5	振動破壞試驗............................................................................12
3-5-1	試片規格及振動設備.......................................................12
3-5-2	共振頻率...........................................................................13
3-5-3	振動疲勞測試...................................................................13
第四章	實驗結果...........................................................................................20
4-1	微觀組織....................................................................................20
4-1-1	OM....................................................................................20
4-1-2	EPMA................................................................................20
4-2	相同應變速率之拉伸破斷試驗................................................21
4-2-1	拉伸機械性質...................................................................21
4-2-2	次表面及破斷面微觀組織...............................................21
4-2-3	加工硬化率.......................................................................21
4-3	不同應變速率之拉伸破斷試驗................................................22
4-3-1	拉伸機械性質...................................................................22
4-3-2	次表面微觀組織...............................................................22
4-3-3	應變速率敏感指數...........................................................22
4-4	振動破壞試驗............................................................................22
4-4-1	振動破壞次表面微觀組織...............................................22
4-4-2	D-N曲線...........................................................................23
4-4-3	共振壽命...........................................................................23
第五章	討論...................................................................................................50
5-1	Ni添加量與微觀組織關係........................................................50
5-2	Ni添加量對拉伸阻抗之效應....................................................50
5-2-1	相同應變速率下之拉伸性質...........................................50
5-2-2	不同應變速率下之拉伸性質...........................................51
5-3	Ni添加量對振動破壞之效應...................................................52
5-3-1	制振性及共振壽命...........................................................52
5-3-2	縫傳播阻抗...................................................................52
第六章	結論...................................................................................................58
參考資料.........................................................................................................59
 
表目錄
表3-1	各組實驗材料之分光分析結果 (wt.%)..........................................14

 
圖目錄

圖2-1	Sn-Ag二元相圖[25]............................................................................7
圖2-2	懸臂樑加末端荷重之振動系統.........................................................8
圖2-3	末端偏移量 vs. 振動次數 (D-N曲線)............................................9
圖2-4	裂縫傳播路徑示意圖.......................................................................10
圖3-1	研究架構...........................................................................................15
圖3-2	(a)拉伸試片取樣示意圖
(b)振動試片取樣示意圖...................................................................16
圖3-3	(a)拉伸試片尺寸規格
(b)振動試片尺寸規格及夾持方式...................................................17
圖3-4	振動測試裝置示意圖.......................................................................18
圖3-5	試片末端偏移量隨低頻掃描至高頻之變化...................................19
圖4-1	Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi拉伸試片之OM觀察(模厚：2.4mm)：
(a) SAC305； (b) 0.02Ni； (c) 0.07Ni； (d) 0.1Ni............................24
圖4-2	Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi振動試片之OM觀察(模厚：4.5mm)：
(a) SAC305； (b) 0.02Ni； (c) 0.1Ni.................................................25
圖4-3	各相面積率:(a) 2.4mm模厚；(b) 4.5mm模厚..................................26
圖4-4	SAC305之EPMA元素分析.............................................................27
圖4-5	0.3Ni之EPMA元素分析..................................................................28
圖4-6	Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi於相同應變速率之工程應力應變曲線.........29
圖4-7	Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi之拉伸機械性質：
(a) UTS； (b) YS (後頁續)................................................................30
圖4-7	Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi之拉伸機械性質：
(c) TE； (d) UE (續前頁) .................................................................31
圖4-8	相同應變速率下之Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi之拉伸次表面OM觀察：
(a) SAC305； (b) 0.02Ni (後頁續)....................................................32
圖4-8	相同應變速率下之Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi之拉伸次表面OM觀察：
(c) 0.07Ni； (d) 0.1Ni (續前頁)........................................................33
圖4-9	Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi之拉伸破斷面SEM觀察：
(a) SAC305； (b) 0.02Ni (後頁續)....................................................34
圖4-9	Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi之拉伸破斷面SEM觀察：
(c) 0.07Ni； (d) 0.1Ni (續前頁)........................................................35
圖4-10	Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi之(a)真應力應變曲線； (b)加工硬化率........36
圖4-11	Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi於不同應變速率之流變應力應變曲線：
(a)SAC305； (b)0.02Ni； (c)0.07Ni..................................................37
圖4-12	Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi之拉伸機械性質：
(a) UTS； (b) YS (後頁續)................................................................38
圖4-11	Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi之拉伸機械性質：
(a) TE； (b) UE (續前頁)..................................................................39
圖4-13	SAC305之拉伸次表面OM觀察：
(a) 0.00075sec-1； (b) 0.003sec-1； (c) 0.012sec-1..............................40
圖4-14	0.02Ni之拉伸次表面OM觀察：
(a) 0.00075sec-1； (b) 0.003sec-1； (c) 0.012sec-1..............................41
圖4-15	0.07Ni之拉伸次表面OM觀察：
(a) 0.00075sec-1； (b) 0.003sec-1； (c) 0.012sec-1..............................42
圖4-16	Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi之高應變速率(0.012 sec-1)與低應變速率(0.00075 sec-1)拉伸之各應變量(0.2%及6%)的流應變力差值.......................................................................................................43
圖4-17	Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi之振動破壞次表面：
(a) SAC305；(b) 0.02Ni；(c) 0.1Ni.....................................................44
圖4-18	Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi在固定出力值1.8G下的D-N曲線................45
圖4-19	相同末端初始偏移量(1.37mm)下，Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi之D-N曲線.......................................................................................................46
圖4-20	0.1Ni： (a) D-N曲線； (b) 於不同末端偏移量之共振頻率...........47
圖4-21	等出力值(1.8G)時，Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi之共振壽命....................48
圖4-22	相同末端初始偏移量(1.37mm)下，Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi之共振壽命.......................................................................................................49
圖5-1	0.1Ni遠離破斷面之OM觀察..........................................................54
圖5-2	Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi於不同應變速率之不均勻塑性變形量.........55
圖5-3	0.1Ni拉伸次表面：金屬間化合物脆性破斷....................................56
圖5-4	SAC305振動後之SEM觀察............................................................57
                                    

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