蒙特石屬於2：1型膨脹性黏土礦物，於水中時會因具特殊層狀矽酸鹽構造剝離(delaminate)而有相當大之比表面積，約700至800m2/g[48]。水溶液中蒙特石表面的極性強，易與極性水分子作用形成水合層(hydration layer)，而弱極性有機化合物則無法有效的與水分子競爭蒙特石的吸附表面，故天然蒙特石雖然具高比表面積，但對水中有機化合物並非一良好的吸附劑。
本研究以TMA、BTMA、TEA、BTEA、DPC和HDTMA等六種含不同碳鏈構造的陽離子界面活性劑合成有機黏土，探討其土樣構造及物化性質。並進行吸附實驗瞭解各有機黏土及活性碳對Benzene、Phenol、1-Naphthol和Perchloroethylene吸附機制特性，以評估有機黏土替代活性碳進行對有機化合物吸附的可行性。
實驗結果顯示陽離子界劑合成之有機黏土層間d(001)距離皆增加；長鏈陽離子界劑合成之有機黏土，其有機質構造性質膨鬆，在熱性質分析時呈現較低溫度之放熱峰；短鏈陽離子界劑合成之有機黏土，其有機質構造性質較具剛性，在熱性質分析時呈現較高溫度之放熱峰。蒙特石對陽離子界劑之親和力及飽和吸附量隨著活性劑之鏈長的增加而增加。以不同碳鏈構造陽離子界劑合成之有機黏土對有機化合物的吸附現象，顯示一般以短碳鏈陽離子界劑所合成的有機黏土是以表面吸附作用為吸附機制，而以長碳鏈構造陽離子界劑所合成的有機黏土是以分配作用為吸附機制。
以BTMA和BTEA陽離子界劑所合成之有機黏土由於陽離子界劑分子構造的疏水端具苯環的p鍵作用，對Benzene和Phenol具較高吸附量，而TMA陽離子界劑所合成之有機黏土對Benzene吸附容量最高。以BTMA陽離子界劑合成有機黏土對Benzene和Phenol為吸附作用機制，並具有類似活性碳構造之競爭吸附現象。以HDTMA陽離子界劑合成有機黏土對Benzene和Phenol的吸附為具有類似土壤有機質之分配作用機制，無競爭吸附現象。具芳香環碳之有機化合物在有機黏土上之吸附量與其水溶解度成反比關係，有機化合物的水溶解度大小為1-Naphthol＜Benzene＜Phenol，而有機黏土對有機化合物的吸附量大致依次為1-Naphthol＞Benzene＞Phenol，顯示疏水作用為有機黏土吸附有機化合物之主要作用，此與活性碳為相同吸附機制。

A montmorillonitic clay with layer structure and expansion properties belongs to 2：1 type silica layer clay mineral. The layer structure of the clay facilitates expansion and causing delaminating to create very large surface area (about 700 to 800m2/g) after wetting. The surface of montmorillonite is strongly hydrated in the presence of water, resulting in a hydrophilic environment at the clay surface. Consequently, natural montmorillonite is an ineffective sorbent for nonionic organic compounds (NOC) in water although it has a high surface area.
This work studies the adsorption of Benzene, Phenol, 1-Naphthol and Perchloroethylene by montmorillonite intercalated with TMA, BTMA, TEA, BTEA, DPC and HDTMA ion to elucidate how the structure of exchanged organic cations affect the mechanistic function of the modified clay. In addition, the physical and chemical properties of the organoclays were identified by SEM, X-ray diffraction and DTA analysis respecting. It is expected that results of this work will help the understanding of the adsorption mechanisms of organic compounds on organoclays and active carbon.
Experimental results indicate that the d-spaces of the organoclays exchanged with cationic surfactants were all increased. The organoclays intercalated with long chain cationic surfactants tend to have loosely aggregate surfactants between larger spaces and this organic matter structure reveals higher exothermic peaks. The organoclays intercalated with short chain cationic surfactants demonstrate more tightly aggregations of surfactants in interlamellar space of montmorillonite and form a relative by rigid carbon structures that reveal lower exothermic peaks.
The saturation amounts of adsorption and affinity of cationic surfactants on montmorillonite increase as the length of carbon chain of cationic surfactant increase. The adsorption phenomenon of organic compounds by organoclays exchanged with various cationic surfactants confirms that the small organic cations create a relatively rigid, nonpolar surface amenable to nonionic solute uptake by adsorption whereas the larger organic cations create an organic partition medium.
The uptakes of Benzene and Phenol on BTMA- and BTEA-organoclays are lager whereas the uptake of Benzene on TMA-organoclay is the largest probably due to the hydrophobic structures and p-bond interaction. The uptakes of Benzene and Phenol on BTMA-organoclay by adsorption mechanism demonstrate a competed adsorption phenomenon similar to that of active carbon. The uptakes of Benzene and Phenol by HDTMA-organoclay through partition mechanism demonstrate a noncompeted adsorption behavior similar to that of the organic matter in soil. The trend of organic compounds uptakes and water solubility of organic compounds are opposite. The order of the solubility is: 1-Naphthol＜Benzene＜Phenol, whereas, the order of organic compounds uptake by organoclays is: 1-Naphthol＞Benzene＞Phenol. This result indicates that the sorption of organic compounds to organoclays is driven mainly by hydrophobic effect.

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