| 研究生: |
周信輝 Cuou, Shin-Hui |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
都市垃圾焚化反應灰安定化之研究 Heavy Metal Stabilization of MSW Incinerator Fly ash |
| 指導教授: |
蔡敏行
Tsai, Min-Shing |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 資源工程學系 Department of Resources Engineering |
| 論文出版年: | 2002 |
| 畢業學年度: | 90 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 83 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 飛灰 、硫酸鐵 、硫酸亞鐵 、矽酸鈉 、碳酸鈉 、無害化 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Ferric sulfate, Non-hazardous, Sodium carbonate, Sodium silicate, Fly ash |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:103 下載:3 |
| 分享至: |
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本研究針對都市垃圾焚化反應灰進行安定化、無害化之實驗探討,考慮反應灰中所含CaCl2、Ca(OH)2 的活性,以藥劑安定法為研究主軸,選用矽酸鈉、碳酸鈉、硫酸鐵/硫酸亞鐵等三組安定化試劑分別與反應灰中的活性鈣成分產生反應,形成低溶解度之矽酸鈣、碳酸鈣、鐵氧磁體包覆層與難溶性重金屬化合物,以達抑制重金屬再溶出之目的。本文首先就反應灰樣品之成分、晶相組成、顯微結構以及TCLP 溶出試驗等進行瞭解,再對添加安定化試劑之試體探討其晶相組成、顯微結構、表面元素分布特性、多次TCLP 的重金屬溶出情形以及抗壓強度值,以了解添加安定化試劑的處理成效,期能提供國內反應灰處置之參考。
反應灰樣品的分析結果顯示,反應灰的顆粒微細,且TCLP 中重金屬Pb 的溶出濃度及pH 皆超過法規標準,因此反應灰須經過適當的中間處理防止其造成二次污染。
實驗結果顯示,添加矽酸鈉、碳酸鈉、硫酸鐵/硫酸亞鐵皆具有抑制反應灰中重金屬溶出之效果。當矽酸鈉添加量為10%,試體含水量為60%時,經養生1 天後可得抗壓強度達10kg/cm2 且TCLP 溶出低於法規限值之固化體。另外,XRD 之結果顯示有矽酸鈣類晶相與難溶性重金屬矽酸鹽生成,SEM、Mapping 之結果顯示試體顆粒表面生成有矽酸鈣類包覆層;同樣對反應灰添加10%碳酸鈉處理後之重金屬TCLP 溶出也低於法規限值,XRD 與SEM、Mapping 之結果顯示試體顆粒表面生成有碳酸鈣包覆層,抗壓強度測試結果卻顯示即使養生期延長為21 天也無法達到10kg/cm2 之抗壓強度;另外反應灰添加6.8%硫酸亞鐵與9.6%硫酸鐵溶液混練後,試體之重金屬TCLP 溶出也低於法規限值,XRD 結果可發現有硫酸鋅類化合物及石膏的晶相。由SEM、Mapping 可知,試體顆粒表面有石膏包覆層。然而,抗壓強度測試結果顯示即使養生期延長為21 天也無法達到10kg/cm2 之抗壓強度。
就所選用之三種添加藥劑效果而言,矽酸鈉添加劑具有較佳之重金屬安定化效果及固化效果,可達成反應灰安定化處理的目的。
The purpose of this research is stabilization and non-hazardous for municipal solid waste (MSW). At first, due to MSW contains some active
chemical materials like CaCl2 and Ca(OH)2, so it can be treated by chemical agent and stabilization methods. Therefore, sodium
silicate, sodium carbonate, ferrous sulfate and ferric sulfate are used individually to react with active calcium for solidification operation that can form low solubility calcium silicate, calcium silicate and ferrite compounds. These
compounds structure can effectively depress heavy resolute again in liquid. The experiment procedures are according to composed elements,
crystal phase, microstructure and TCLP test to realize properties of reaction ash. And the stabilization effect of treated samples can realize bynew crystal phase production elements distribution on particle surface, multiple TCLP test and stress strength. We hope these results may be useful in domestic.
Reaction ash analyze results reveal some characters that are tiny particle and high pH value. The importance is lead concentration in TCLP test exceed limitation. So the ash must be suitable treated and prevented pollution again.
The results show that the dissolve of heavy metals can be restrained by adding sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, ferrous sulfate and ferric sulfate. The compressive strength of solidified component are reach to 10kg/cm2 and the TCLP results of solidified component are below the regulated values when the adding ratio of sodium silicate are more than 10%, moisture content is 60% and curing time is 1 day. Besides, XRD spectrums show that calcium silicate hydrate and insoluble heavy metal
silicate are formed. SEM observation and EPMA mapping also show that the calcium silicate is formed on the particle surface.
The TCLP results of stabilized component are also below the regulated values when the adding ratio of sodium carbonate is 10%. XRD spectrums show that calcium carbonate is formed. SEM observation and EPMA mapping also show that the calcium carbonate is formed on the particle surface. Nevertheless, the results of compressive strength are not reached to 10kg/cm2 even if the curing time are up to 21 days.
As a comparison to the other two experiments, the TCLP results of stabilized component are also below the regulated values when the adding ratio of ferrous sulfate is 6.8% and ferric sulfate is 9.6%. XRD spectrum show that zinc sulfate and gypsum are formed. SEM observation and EPMA mapping also show that gypsum is formed on the particle surface.
Nevertheless, the results of compressive strength are not reached to 10kg/cm2 even if the curing time are up to 21 days.
As a matter of fact, sodium silicate has batter effect of stabilization and solidification among the three inorganic chemical reagents. The results are very informative in treating MSW incinerator reaction ash.
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