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研究生: 王漪夆
Wang, Yi-Feng
論文名稱: 派屈網模式在批次操作安全分析上的應用
Application of Petri-Net Models for Safety Analysis of Batch Operations
指導教授: 張玨庭
Chang, Chuei-Tin
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 工學院 - 化學工程學系
Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年: 2004
畢業學年度: 92
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 155
中文關鍵詞: 有向圖批次操作演繹推論演算法派屈網失誤樹操作步驟危害分析可到達樹
外文關鍵詞: operating procedure, deductive reasoning algorithm, fault tree, reachability tree, digraph, hazard analysis, batch operation, Petri net
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  •   本論文探討製程安全技術領域中兩個重要的議題:(1) 批次製程危害分析自動化與 (2) 批次操作步驟合成自動化。
      危害分析是任何化工製程在設計或修改過程中一項必要的工作,早期以有向圖模式為基礎的連續製程危害分析自動化技術已相當成熟,但有向圖僅能表示固定結構程序系統中狀態變數與失誤事件間的定性因果關係,並無法描述批次製程中隨時間改變的狀態變數間動態因果關係。為了解決上述問題,本研究中乃改採派屈網來表示批次製程中失誤傳播機制。具體而言,在本文中提出了以物件為導向的階層式建模觀念來建構系統模式,我們可在系統模式內逐一引入所有可能的失誤源,並根據動態模擬結果找出足以引發某特定意外事件的所有原因。此外,為了提升分析效率,我們也發展了反向推論演算法,利用轉換規則將前向系統模式轉變成為後向系統模式作為推論之根據,並且提出兩個邏輯閘規則來將推論的結果以失誤樹完整地表達出來。最後我們以案例研究方式驗證此一批次製程危害分析推論策略的有效性與正確性。
      在另一方面,由於物料輸送在任何批次製程裡都是最基本且必要的工作,而其操作步驟合成工作多以人工方式執行,為了確保操作安全無虞,我們在本研究中也發展出以派屈網為基礎之操作步驟合成方法。此一方法的基礎是一個描述管線網路中物料輸送的系統模式,但為了決定出閥、幫浦與壓縮機的實際操作動作,我們還須將表示兩個輔助控制規則的派屈網模組附加在系統模式中。在給定單一物料輸送工作排程的前提之下,我們可以利用此一模式發展出對應的具時間戳記的可到達樹,並且從樹中獲得該工作之所有可行的輸送路徑以及其相對應的操作步驟執行的順序與時間。最後我們也將此一合成方法進一步地延伸擴展到多項物料輸送工作的操作策略上。

      Two important research issues in the development of process safety technologies have been addressed in this work, i.e., (1) automatic hazard analysis for batch processes and (2) automatic synthesis of batch operating procedures.
      Hazard analysis is one of the basic tasks that must be performed in designing or revamping any chemical process. Although the computer-aided digraph-based assessment techniques have been matured considerably in recent years, they are mainly oriented toward the continuous processes. The digraph is in fact inherently unsuitable for describing the dynamic relationships among time, failures, equipment states, operating conditions, and process configurations in the batch operations. In order to overcome this problem, the Petri net is used in this work as a modeling tool. A step-by-step procedure is proposed in this thesis to construct a hierarchical model from the Petri-net modules representing the components in the given system. The causes of an undesirable event can be identified by carrying out a large number of exhaustive simulation runs using all possible combinations of failures and/or disturbances as inputs. In addition, a novel deductive reasoning algorithm has also been developed to further enhance the efficiency of hazard analysis. This algorithm is implemented on the basis of one or more backward Petri nets, which can be easily obtained from the system model by following a conversion rule. The detailed reasoning process is represented with a time-stamped fault tree, which is generated with two logic-gate rules developed in this work. The effectiveness and correctness of the proposed methods are demonstrated in case studies.
      On the other hand, it must be noted that material transfer is a fundamental operation to be performed in any batch process. The task of synthesizing the required operation steps is traditionally carried out manually on an emph{ad hoc} basis. Due to the need to ensure operation safety, a systematic method has been developed in the present work to perform this task automatically on the basis of Petri-net models. A system model usually consists of component modules representing piping fragments, valves, pumps and/or compressors. To identify the
    operation steps, two additional auxiliary control rules are also incorporated into this system Petri net. Given the time schedule of a specific material-transfer task, the time-stamped reachability tree of the above Petri-net model can be constructed to enumerate all feasible transport routes and the corresponding operating procedures. This approach has been further extended to solve the problems in devising operating strategies to achieve multiple material-transfer tasks according to an arbitrarily assigned Gantt chart.

    中文摘要.................................. i 英文摘要.................................. iii 誌謝...................................... v 表目錄.................................... xi 圖目錄.................................... xiii 符號說明.................................. xvii 縮寫字.................................... xxi 1. 緒論................................... 1 1.1 研究動機............................. 1 1.2 文獻回顧............................. 3 1.3 研究目的............................. 5 1.4 章節與組識........................... 6 2. 派屈網模式的建構步驟................... 7 2.1 建構元素............................. 8 2.2 渡閘激發規則......................... 12 2.3 模擬工具............................. 13 2.4 單元模組............................. 22 2.5 單元物件............................. 36 2.6 系統模式建構流程..................... 38 3. 批次製程危害分析之反向推論策略......... 45 3.1 後向系統模式......................... 45 3.2 具時間戳記的失誤樹................... 46 3.3 互補子樹............................. 50 3.4 狀態方程式的應用..................... 54 3.5 延遲激發的渡閘....................... 57 3.6 失誤鑑認流程......................... 59 4. 案例演練............................... 69 4.1 製程介紹............................. 69 4.2 前向與後向系統模式建構............... 70 4.3 失誤鑑認............................. 83 4.4 結果驗證............................. 90 4.5 前向模擬的輔助裝置................... 92 4.6 外界干擾的效應....................... 95 5. 批次製程中物料輸送操作步驟之合成方法... 97 5.1 單元模組............................. 98 5.2 操作步驟的產生....................... 103 5.3 可行路徑的鑑認....................... 104 5.4 多項物料輸送工作之操作步驟合成方法... 111 5.5 應用實例............................. 118 6. 結論與展望............................. 125 參考文獻.................................. 127 附錄 A.................................... 133 附錄 B.................................... 137 附錄 C.................................... 147 附錄 D.................................... 151 作者簡述.................................. 153 著作...................................... 155

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