臺灣已於2018年正式宣告邁入「高齡社會」，許多的問題也隨著人口結構的改變而逐漸成為重要的議題，其中長者運輸是一項非常重要且具挑戰性的議題。針對目前人口老化的問題，政府於2007年及2016年分別頒布長照1.0及2.0的政策，其中包括長者的運輸服務，但相關議題限制重重，無法有效提供有需求的長者有效率且值得信任的運輸服務。關於長者運輸服務的部分，其中有關醫院接駁的部分，尤其重要且迫在眉睫，目前長照計畫針對此部分多是透過與外部基金會合作以復康巴士提供接駁服務，但是使用復康巴士的限制多且有車輛、預算不足等問題。在未來幾年內，隨著長者的比例及數量將持續攀高，長者運輸需求也將隨之提升。伴隨著科技進展，近年來無人自駕車發展快速，且有著無人駕駛的特性，若將目前復康巴士轉而採用無人自駕車來提供服務，可望降低人力相關的成本，如此可以將預算轉至其他需要的部分，使得長者運輸服務更加完善。
近年來有關無人自駕車的文獻多將其視為傳統私有車的升級版，而這樣的看法無法完全展現無人自駕車的優勢，若將其特性加以應用，可望在運輸領域的應用上，將有更大的突破。本研究主要針對無人自駕車應用於提供個人的醫院接駁服務進行財務可行性的評估，預期透過該系統提供個人快速運輸服務，可以提供可及性更高與效率更好的醫院接駁服務。最後本研究透過財務可行性分析與營運績效的分析，評估以無人自駕車提供醫療接駁服務應用的整體績效及可行性。
本研究在研究方法的應用上，主要透過基於Agent的模型，進行營運績效的模擬，再將模擬結果作為成本效益分析的輸入，以資料進行後續的財務可行性分析。根據模擬實驗結果顯示，相關結論可總結為以下兩點：1) 以目前自駕車的能源效率表現而言，對於整體成本效益的影響並不明顯；2) 期初投入的資本成本，對於整體財務影響顯著。

With the increasing attention of population aging, the transportation of the elderly has been one of the concerns in recent years. Taiwan had already become an Aged Society. For this reason, the elderly care policy was proposed which is called Long-term Care 1.0 in 2007 and Long-term Care 2.0 in 2016, including elderly transportation service. A large increasing in the travel of the elderly would result in many current transportation systems facing challenges in providing efficient and reliable services to users, especially hospital access service. Hospital access service providers face a suffering; the demand exceeds the supply. The elderly transportation demanders are expected to raise sharply, hence, thde Long-term Care scheme cannot afford it. In order to increase the service area and sustainability of transportation services from Long-term Care 2.0, replacing rehabilitation buses to autonomous vehicles (AVs) might be an option to reduce the operation cost. With the advent of automation, the use of AVs in public health transportation service may provide a new type of door-to-door service.
Recent literature on the potential of AVs primarily look on them as an upgraded version to conventional personal vehicles. Therefore, if we merely deploy AVs as an upgraded version of human-driven vehicles, we may underestimate the benefits of the new technology. This study aims at integrating AV in demand responsive transport (DRT) system for hospital access service, which is expected to be an accessible and reliable service because the flexible routing policy. We will access the financial feasibility and operational achievement of the new option of using AVs for the hospital access service problem.
For the methods used, we simulated a simplified gridded network using agent-based model to evaluate the operational performance and collected the output as inputs in the cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the financial feasibility conditions. The conclusions of the simulation results are summarized as follows: 1) power efficiency of EVs is negligible for an AV transportation system; and 2) the initial cost of this AV transportation system has a great influence on the financial sustainability of an AV-based model for hospital access service.

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